GRIMMS, a dynasty of architects, theorists, art historians and teachers. David Ivanovich Grimm (1823, St. Petersburg - 1898), architect, representative of Eclecticism, master of the Russo-Byzantine style, historian of Caucasian Architecture. Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1848), from 1855 he was a Member of the Academy. In 1852-1855, he was sent abroad to study as a retained student. In 1857-1863, he taught at the Construction School, and from 1859, at the Academy of Fine Arts (professor from 1860; Rector of Architecture in 1887-1892; Honourable Member from 1892). In 1865-1871, he was an architect with the Department of Water Lines; from 1867, he was a member of the Technical Architectural Committee. He was a member of the editorial board of the journal Zodchy (1870-s); he also helped found the Petersburg Architects Society, of which he became a Senior Member (from 1870), and then the Head (1888-1890), later to be given the status of Honoured Member. From 1892, he was an architect for the Highest Royal Court. He designed and built an apartment house at 42 Moika River Embankment (1867-1870); the St. Olga Church at Mikhailovka (1861-1863); and Holy Virgin Intercession Church at the Egerskaya settlement in Gatchina (1883). In 1862-1863, he built the Reformed Church following a project by architect G.A. Bosse on Bolshaya Morskaya Street. His design for the Grand Princes' Burial Vault (1885-1887) was constructed from 1896-1908. Both the Golden Sitting Room at the Winter Palace and the Academy of Fine Arts Library were constructed and decorated according to sketches by Grimm. He designed the architectural part of the monument to Empress Catherine II and was responsible for its installation (1862-1873); he created the Monument to Glory, in memory of Russia's victory in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, constructed out of wooden frames from trophy guns seized from the Turks (not preserved). He is buried at the Smolenskoe Lutheran Cemetery. His son, German Davidovich Grimm (1865, St. Petersburg - 1942, Leningrad), was an architect, a representative of the Art Nouveau, Neoclassicism and Neo-Russian styles. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1890), was an Academic of Architecture (1895), and a Member of the Academy of Architecture of the USSR (1939). In 1889, upon graduating from the Academy of Fine Arts, he was sent abroad as a scholar. From 1900, he taught at the Civil Engineering Institute (professor from 1901). From 1907, he was an architect, and an inspector with the Building Board of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. In the 1900s, he was a senior member of the board, headed the museum, and was a member of the Petersburg Society of Architects Council. His most important buildings from the 1890s - beginning of 1900s include the Society for Religious-Moral Education House (20 Stremyannaya Street), an apartment house at 26 Third Line of Vasilievsky Island, and the St. John the Baptist Church (16 Lesnoy Avenue, together with G.G. Goli). Grimm's main work is the Suvorov Memorial Museum building (1901-1904, in co-operation with A.I. Gogen). In 1903-1905, he built apartment houses at 37 Eighth Line of Vasilievsky Island and at 4 Syezzhinskaya Street; in 1904-1908, the Holy Resurrection Church on Obvodny Canal Embankment (in co-operation with Goli and A.L. Gun); and in 1909, buildings for the gymnasium and of the Actual May School (Fourteenth Line of Vasilievsky Island). Outstanding buildings from the period of 1913-1915 include the A.F. Devrien Publishing House (14 Fourth Line of Vasilievsky Island) and the buildings of a school and orphanage (55 Bolshoy Avenue of Vasilievsky Island). In the 1920s-30s, he worked as an architect for the People's Commissariat for Communication Routes. He died during the Siege. His son, German Germanovich Grimm (1904, St. Petersburg - 1959, Leningrad), was an engineer-builder, historian of architecture, museum specialist, and Doctor of Architecture (1946). Graduating from Leningrad Engineering Building Institute in 1930, from 1936, he worked at the Academy of Fine Arts. He is the author of a number of works in the style of Russian Classicism. He lived at 5 Barmaleeva Street. He is buried at the Serafimovskoe Cemetery.

References: Леонтьева С. Ф. Хранитель памяти: Страницы творч. биогр. Г. Г. Гримма // ЛП. 1983. № 6. С. 29-31; Архитекторы-строители Санкт-Петербурга середины XIX - начала XX века: Справ. СПб., 1996; Иванова Е. Б. Давид Гримм // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX - начало XX века. СПб., 1998. С. 433-336.

V. G. Isachenko.

SUVOROV Alexander Vasilyevich (1729-1800, St. Petersburg), military leader, Count of Rymnik (1789), Prince of Italy (1799), Generalissimo (1799). Received home education. In 1742 was enrolled in the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment, on 1 January 1748 arrived in St. Petersburg and commenced active service. On 25 April 1754 was promoted to officer rank and transferred to the Ingermanland Infantry Regiment (regimental settlement (sloboda) - on Goloday Island). Participated in the Seven Year War 1756-63. In 1762 returned to St. Petersburg and was appointed Commander of the Astrakhansky Infantry Regiment (regimental settlement (sloboda) - on Vasilievsky Island), in 1763 - assumed the command of the Suzdalsky Infantry Regiment in St. Petersburg and New Ladoga. In June 1765 took part in manoeuvres in Krasnoe Selo. In 1768-72 battled against the Polish confederates. In 1772-73 was assigned to the St. Petersburg Division, was sent on a secret mission to the Swedish border. In 1773-74 fought against Turks. In the first half of 1776 held command of the St. Petersburg Division, in 1776-84 commanded the troops in the south of Russia. In 1786 was assigned for several months to the St. Petersburg Division. In the course of the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-91 inflicted a series of defeats on the Turkish army, attained fame through the storming of Ismail; for distinguished achievements was created Count of Russia and the Holy Roman Empire (1789). Upon returning to St. Petersburg on 3.3.1791, was conferred the rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment, a medal had been struck in his honour, and the Senate was entrusted with a task of issuing an honorary diploma listing all of his accomplishments. In 1791-92 commanded troops on the Finnish border, in 1792-94 oversaw military operations in the south of Russia. In 1794 when uppressing the Polish uprising took by storm the outskirts of Warsaw. In Prague, for distinguished accomplishments, Suvorov was promoted to Field Marshal General. In December 1795 returned to St. Petersburg, stayed in the Tauride Palace. In 1796-97 assumed command of the troops in the south of Russia again. In February 1797 by a decree of Emperor Pavel I was discharged, lived in exile in his estate of Konchanskoe (village of Konchanskoe) near Novgorod. In the beginning of 1798 was summoned to St. Petersburg, took part in the development of operational plans of war against France. In the course of the Italian campaign of 1799 inflicted a series of defeats on the French troops (conferred the title of Prince and rank of Generalissimo), next set out for the Swiss campaign. Upon returning to Russia got seriously sick, 20.4.1800 arrived to St. Petersburg, died at the apartment of his nephew, Count D.I. Khvostov (23 Kryukov Canal - memorial plaque). Buried in the Annunciation Burial Vault of Alexander Nevsky Monastery. In 1801 a monument to Suvorov was erected on the Field of Mars (see Suvorov A.V. monument; the square, surrounding it was in 1818 named Suvorovskaya Square). In 1900 Suvorov's Museum was founded (see Suvorov A.V. Memorial Museum). In 1900 an avenue was named after him (see Suvorovsky Avenue. Suvorov Military Academy was named in his honour.

Reference: Меерович Г. И., Буданов Ф. В. Суворов в Петербурге. Л., 1978.

A. N. Lukirsky.