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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Nikolay Nikolaevich (Sr.), Grand Prince hidden The estate of M.V. Kochubey (the Reserved Palace, Vladimir Palace) | |
Alexander I was the author of the original architectural idea and customer of Kochubey’s country-house. The work with the project was begun in 1816 from a draft developed by the emperor himself with the help of the architect P.V ... | | Alexander I was the author of the original architectural idea and customer of Kochubey’s country-house. The work with the project was begun in 1816 from a draft developed by the emperor himself with the help of the architect P.V. Neyelov, the final design was completed by V.P. Stasov. A semicircular terrace with columns and spherical dome, oriented to the “To my dear comrades” Gate in the Catherine Park and developed the architectural motifs of the Alexander Palace and the Concert Hall pavilion designed by G. Quarenghi, was successfully planned by the monarch-architect. The gift certificate was drawn up in April 1817 in the name of Princess M.V. Kochubey. The building was constructed in 1817-1818, the garden planning and building works were completed by 1824. During 1835-1857 it was the Tsarskoye Selo country-house of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich, who was born in Tsarskoye Selo. By his full age the mansion was rebuilt in 1856-1857 to the design of the architect I.I. Charlemagne, but after the finishing of building the Grand Duke refused the country-house. The project of Charlemagne was high appreciated and the architect became an academician of architecture, but his architect career was interrupted in view of fault-finding of the owner. The spectacular terrace with two stairs and sculptures of the Italian marble lions at the eastern façade of the building remembers about Charlemagne’s work. In 1859 Alexaner II ordered to name the country-house as the Reserved Palace. In 1895 The Reserved Palace was transferred to Grand Duke Vladimir Aleksandrovich. In 1876-1878 the architect A.F. Vidov built three cavalier’s houses for the Grand Duke retinue, wings for servants and later a garage and ice-house was built. In 1882 Alexander III considered necessary to register officially the transferring of the Reserved Palace to Vladimir Aleksandrovich under the ownership in right of primogeniture with especial conditions. Further attempts of the Grand Duke and his heirs to get the unlimited rights of ownership for the palace remained unsuccessful. After the Grand Duke’s dearth, the palace, which came into the ownership of the widow Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (Senior), was renamed the Vladimirsky Palace (in 1910), according to the Emperor’s order. In troubled 1917 during short-time the Vladimirsky Palace was used by the Soviet of Soldiers’ Deputies and Soviet authorities, a school- colony for juvenile delinquents, then here there was a School of VKP(b) (Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)) for the Communist Party activists of agricultural establishments. During the Nazi occupation of Pushkin Town in 1941-1943 the palace burned and was highly damaged, so the question about its restoration for placing the dormitory of the School of the Communist Party Education did not solve for a long time. In 1948 Doctor of Architecture, professor V.I. Yakovlev and B.L. Vasilyev, an architect of the State Inspectorate for Monuments Protection, disputed this idea of the palace using and recommended to use the palace for a culture-educational establishment (a theatre, club). Restoration and recovery work was done according to the design of the architect-restorer M.I. Tolstov in 1955-1958 for using the palace as the Palace of Pioneers. At the present time the most luxurious Palace of Wedding is placed here. Cavaliers’ houses and wings are occupied by the Cadet Corps of the Federal Frontier Service.
Persons Alexander I, Emperor Alexander II, Emperor Alexander III, Emperor Kochubey Viktor Sergeevich, Duke Nikolay Nikolaevich (Sr.), Grand Prince Quarenghi Giacomo Stasov Vasily Petrovich Tolstov M.I. Vidov Alexander Fomich Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Prince Yakovlev, V.I.
Addresses Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 22
| | | | hidden The Farm (an ensemble of the Alexander Park) | |
The Farm is located in the heart of the Alexander Park near the White Tower and the Military Chamber. The complex has been founded at this place from 1810 when the first wooden constructions were built according to the design of the garden ... | | The Farm is located in the heart of the Alexander Park near the White Tower and the Military Chamber. The complex has been founded at this place from 1810 when the first wooden constructions were built according to the design of the garden designer Joseph Busch at the Menagerie stone wall. Under the direction of Busch the former farming lands of peasants of the village of Kuzminki s were transformed into the fine Farm meadow with beautiful groups of trees and ponds. At the distant from the town meadow edge an artificial mound, that was decorated with terraces and a spiral path going to the top planted along with birches, was erected. The visitors of the park were attracted with the countryside landscape with well-groomed purebred animals which were often offered bread. The Farm stone constructions, having been now, were built by the architect Menelaws during 1817-1822 in the same English-Gothic forms as other park pavilions. These constructions were survived until the present days without major changes, only wooden construction of the fodder yard located at the western side. One- and two-story buildings connected with a fence with some gates form a picturesque ensemble. Metallic décor, yellowish limestone, red brickwork with white pointing and white plaster window casings and sandriks were used in the architectural design. In the center between two entrance gates from the Farm road there was a two-story house of a supervisor , the façade of the house attracts the attention by two projection octahedral towers-buttresses wich are crowned with a fronton with a merlon. Different offices, apartments of a vet and farmyard workers were placed in one-story wings. In the vast yard there is a cruciform-plan building of a cow-shed with 84 stalls (now the cow-shed is used as a stable). In a corner there is a compound-plan wing intended for an ice-house and dairy with separators, refrigerators and other equipment. The wing is crowned with the fifteen-metre high round tower with the watch ground. Yakovkin in his guidebook wrote about the watch ground function , “It’s quite pleasant in bright morning to sit here and read or think or watch different views and especially to observe something using a telescope”. On the second floor there was a room for rest. Near the tower inside the Farm fence there was a wing for imperial visitors, this wing stood out the richer decor of facades then other buildings of the complex. An cast-iron trellis terrace, used to entwine with ivy, joined with the wing outside. A beautiful Gothic Gate joined from the other side. In the wing there were two lounges, dining room, kitchen and there were four sofa rooms for rest in the mezzanine. The light maple furniture was decorated with the Gothic carving according to Menelaws’s drawings. Interiors were decorated with the Alexander time etchings with rural views of Switzerland and the Netherlands, portraits of Alexander I and his wife Yelizaveta Alekseyevna. The imperial Farm was “a successor” of the former farm-yard that had been in Tsarskoye Selo since the first years of its foundation. Establishing the new economy Alexander I followed the advice of Empress Maria Fiodorovna, his august mother, who established the similar economy in the Pavlovsk Park earlier. According to the Emperor’s order the Tsarskoye Selo Farm workers were sent to the Empress’ farm for training. In 1822 sixty two cows and bulls of Kholmogorean and Cherkassean breeds just as European breeds – Tyrolese, Hungarian, Swiss, English and Holland ones- as well as a hundred merino sheep from Silesia were brought into the Tsarskoye Selo Farm. But only thoroughbred Kholmogorean cattle could settle down there. Afterwards breeds were chosen with the experimental way. The production was supplied for Emperor court, surpluses were sold. Farms worked under the especial supervision of the Tsarskoye Selo governor Ya.V. Zakharzhevsky. After 1865 Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholayevich became a trustee of the farms. After the nationalization of emperor’s property the Farm and a large part of the Alexander Park with constructions, located there, were passed to the Agronomical Institute (later the Agricultural Institute, now it is the Agrarian University). The origin of the new toponim “The Farm Park” is connected with using the Farm complex as the Institute training economy. The well equipped winter stone cow-shed with cast-iron drinking bowl and other buildings used for the origin purpose during the long time. The stable of the Tsarskoye Selo Museum Preserve, where thoroughbred horses are placed now here. The horses are used for coaching in summer and sledging in winter.
Persons Alexander I, Emperor Bush, Joseph Elizaveta Alexeevna, Empress Maria Fedorovna, Empress Menelas Adam Adamovich Nikolay Nikolaevich (Sr.), Grand Prince Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.
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