ALEXANDER PALACE (Pushkin), an architectural monument in Neoclassical style; constructed in 1792-96 (architect G. Quarenghi); located on the territory of the Alexander Park. It forms a part of Tsarskoe Selo palace and park ensemble; was meant for the grandson of Empress Catherine II, Grand Prince Alexander Pavlovich (the future Emperor Alexander I), whom it was named after. Later on, it served as a private imperial residence (under Emperor Nicholas II - his permanent residence). The building of the Alexander Palace is placed along the axis of the transverse alley of the park, enclosing its perspective with the southern facade adorned with semirotunda dome. The main northern facade is marked with a double Corinthian colonnade set between symmetrical corbels. On the porch in front of the colonnade there are cast-iron statues, cast in 1838 in Alexandrovsky Factory to the designs of sculptor N.S. Pimenov (The youth, playing knucklebones) and A.V. Loganovsky (The youth, playing fid). After the February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas II and members of his family were kept in the Alexander Palace until they were exiled to Tobolsk. From 1918, the Alexander Palace functioned as a palace-museum. In 1949, in it the exposition of the All-Union Museum of Alexander Pushkin was opened, shortly afterwards it was closed down, as the building was given to a military department. As a result the Alexander Palace suffered greatly because of incorrect maintenance. Since the 1990s, reconstruction has been conducted, a number of halls host museum displays. The interiors decorated to the plans of architects V.P. Stasov (1817-27) and R.F. Meltzer (1896-98).

References: Александровский дворец и парк в г. Пушкине. Л., 1937; see also the article Tsarskoe Selo.

A. A. Alexeev. Alexander I, Emperor
Catherine II, Empress
Loganovsky Alexander Vasilievich
Meltzer Roman (Robert-Friedrich) Fedorovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Pimenov Nikolay Stepanovich
Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich
Quarenghi Giacomo
Stasov Vasily Petrovich

The barracks occupies the whole area opposite the Catherine Park and the Admiralty on Parkovaya Street and limited by Kadetsky Boulevard, Krasnoy Zvezdi (Red Star) Street and Ogorodnaya Street. During 1864-1917 building, locating here, occupied by the Fourth Life Guard Rifle Imperial Family Regiment (until 1910 it was a battalion). Soldiers’ barracks of this regiment were placed in two big blocks, built as living buildings in 1783-1785 according to Ch. Cameron’s “ a standard model of a big house” to Sophia Town, the appearance of which is recognized in facades survived until our days. One of buildings was intended for General A.D. Lanskoy and was built by G. Quarenghi on the remade design of Ch. Cameron. After Lanskoy’s death in 1784 his house and grounds were bought by Catherine II from his heirs and got the fame as “Sophia House” of the tsesarevich or the Konstantin Palace because during 1794-1817 the owner of a part of the building (at first 6 windows, then 9 windows from the park side) was Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. A wing for married lower ranks of the Fourth Rifle Regiment was built in the 1790s as the outbuilding of the Konstantin Palace. The other part of the building was occupied by the Tsarskoye Selo Board, the Forestry Institute and the Engineer department of the Military department. Among owners of the second building in the late 18th century and early 19th century there was the Scottish stonemason Lavrenty Stitman, Sophia Town merchant Kirila Lomakin, the collegiate assessor and cavalier Platon Sokolov, the Gzhatsk merchant Yemelyan Cheblokov, Sophia Town merchant Afanasy Yevseyev, English merchant Yegor Eno.
In 1813-1819 both buildings were adapted for the Noble Lyceum boarding school according to the design of the architect V.P. Stasov. In 1824-1829 detached buildings of the boarding school, which was separated by Admiralty Street, were rebuilt again to the design of V.P. Stasov and connected with an one-storied gallery.
In 1831 the Alexander Cadet Corps for juvenile children was placed here. Later only connective block was changed in the building appearance, it was overbuilt with the second floor in 1838-1841 to the design of the architect V.V. Kokorev. During 1859-1863 the Officer Rifle School was temporarily placed here, afterwards soldiers’ barracks of the Fourth Life Guard Rifle Imperial Family Regiment was placed in the building.
In the 1910s, in connection with the increase in the number of riflemen up to four-battalion regiment, an adjoining plot with buildings of the Fifth and Sixth squadrons of the Life Guard Hussar His Emperor Majesty Regiment were joined to the barracks of the imperial riflemen (1850-1857, the 1880s, the buildings were rebuilt for soldiers-riflemen in the 1910s), also new barracks were built. Manezhny Lane, separated barrack complexes, was destroyed at the same time. The auxiliary squadron wings of the Hussar Regiment, mainly built in 1850-1857, were rebuilt for riflemen: barracks of the seventh reserve squadron, barracks and cook-houses of trumpet-player team, a school for soldiers’ children, a wing of married lower ranks, storerooms. Street facades of stable and horse hospital of the Hussar Regiment, rebuilt in the 1910 by the architect V.I. Yakovlev for needs of the Fourth Rifle Regiment, were decorated with many-column porticos in the spirit of the Neo-classicism architecture. Neo-classicism forms and large-scale dimensions were used for decoration of facades of the Officers’ Assembly building with flats for officers of the Fourth Rifle Regiment built in 1913-1914 by the architect V.I. Yakovlev. Also the Battalion building (1912-1914) in Kadetsky Boulevard and the Soldiers’ School (1911-1915) were built in the heart of the barrack complex by V.I. Yakovlev jointly with the architect Ye.O. Konstanovich.
After 1917 units of the Red Army were placed here, from 1948 the High Navy Engineering Colledge named after V.I. Lenin, reorganized in the Navy Engineering Institute in 1999, has been placed here. Cameron Charles
Catherine II, Empress
Kokorev, Vasily Vasilyevich
Konstantin Pavlovich, Grand Prince
Konstantinovich, Yevstafy Iosifovich
Lanskoy Alexander Dmitrievich
Quarenghi Giacomo
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Yakovlev Vsevolod Ivanovich
Kadetsky Boulevard/Pushkin, town
Krasnaya Zvezda Street/Pushkin, town
Ogorodnaya Street/Pushkin, town
Parkovaya Street/Pushkin, town

CATHERINE PALACE (Town of Pushkin), an architectural monument of the Baroque period, compositional centre and dominating architecture of the park and palace ensemble of Tsarskoe Selo. In 1717-1723, on this site a small stone palace of Empress Catherine I (architect I.F. Braunstein) was constructed concurrently with the establishment of the Catherine Park. From 1743, work on the palace extension was started (architect M.G. Zemtsov), after his death work continued under the guidance of architects A.V. Kvasov and S.I. Chevakinsky. From late 1748 - architect F. Rastrelli. In May of 1752, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ordered everything that had been erected earlier to be reconstructed and in 1756 the Catherine Palace was completed. At this stage it consisted only of the western parade court, framed by single-story semicircular buildings - surrounded with splendid wrought railings with gilded details and gates along the central axis of the palace. The facades are decorated with moulded figures of caryatids, cartouche, masks (sculptor I. F. Dunker), marked with ochre colour against the turquoise background (up to the 1770s, the stucco work was gilded). Originally the front staircase was in the south section of the Catherine Palace, on the second floor were also located the "Golden Enfilade", comprising of five "antechambers", double tiered Grand Hall and a number of sitting rooms, their fretwork above the doors created an impression of a gold stream. Among the interiors is the Amber Room. The length of the Catherine palace's facades is over 325 metres. The central part of the building (The Middle House) has retained the parameters of the palace of Catherine I. The side wings that replaced the original open terrace unite the central part with the wings: to the north there is a church (1779-84, architect I.V. Neelov) and to the south - Zubovsky (1778-1784, architect Y.M. Felten). Under Catherine II, in the 1780s, new interiors were added according to the designs of C. Cameron: the Arabesque and the Lyon sitting rooms, the Silver Study and others in the south part of the Catherine Palace, the rooms of the Grand Prince Pavel Petrovich (the Green dining-room, the Bedchamber and others) in the northern part. To the south-eastern side of the Catherine Palace the complex of the so-called Cameron Gallery, the Cold Bath (Agate Pavilion), the hanging garden and the ramp (1780-87; 1792-94) are united. In 1817-20, and in the 1840s architect V.P. Stasov made some changes in the palace's interiors, in 1860-63 architect I. A. Monighetti (Chinese front staircase in the central part). Since 1918, the Catherine Palace has been a palace-museum, in 1941-44, it was practically levelled, restoration following the project of architect A.A. Kedrinsky was launched in 1957. Restoration works continue up to the present. See also "Tsarskoe Selo" article.

A. A. Alexeev. Braunstein Johann Friedrich
Cameron Charles
Catherine I, Empress
Catherine II, Empress
Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich
Dunker Johann Franz
Elizaveta Petrovna, Empress
Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich
Kedrinsky Alexander Alexandrovich
Kvasov Andrey Vasilievich
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Neelov Ilya Vasilievich
Paul (Pavel) I, Emperor
Rastrelli Francesco de
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich

CHINA-VILLAGE (PUSHKIN), an architectural monument, part of the Tsarskoe Selo Palace and Park Ensemble, divided by Podkapriznaya Road from Catherine Park. Constructed in 1782-98 (architect A. Rinaldi, C. Cameron), it encompasses twelve single-story Chinese style houses, intended to accommodate courtiers. An eight-faced two-tired pagoda was to become the compositional centre of the China-village ensemble, but was never built. The China-village was reconstructed in 1817-22 (architect V.P. Stasov) and in 1859-61 (architect I.A. Monighetti). The Grand Caprice Pavilion, the Creaking Pavilion (1778-82, architect Y.M. Felten), a number of bridges and the Chinese Theatre in Alexander park were constructed in the same style as China Village. The China-Village complex was extensively damaged during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. In the 1990s restoration was carried out, the houses were converted to an elite hotel; a pagoda was erected according to the original plans. See also Tsarskoe Selo article.

A. A. Alexeev. Cameron Charles
Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Rinaldi Antonio
Stasov Vasily Petrovich

Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street. In 1792 he was hired as an architect for the developed of plans for "example" houses approved by the Empress Catherine II. In 1795-99, he served in the south of Russia. In September 1803-February 1805 he was an architect of Izhorsky factories, he projected a number of industrial and administrative buildings, including the building of the factory office (1803-04), the stone factory dyke on the Izhora River (early 19th century, in collaboration with K.K. Gaskoiny). In 1806-18 Politseisky (now Narodny), Krasny, Siny, Potseluev bridges (see respective articles) were built in St. Petersburg to his designs. For the first time in Russian practice, arched bridges made of cast-iron "baskets" (tubings) connected by bolts were constructed. The project of Politseisky Bridge was considered a perfect example and became a standard design. As of 1808, Hastie was the city architect of Tsarskoye Selo, he made a complex plan of its buildings which became the example for provincial Russian towns, and he constructed a complex of the hospital buildings, Murgent's Court, Laundress' Yard, Material Yard, bath houses and residential houses. The following buildings based on his designs can still be seen today: the House for Palace Administration 8 Leontyevskaya Street, 1-3 Srednyaya Street), a building complex for the Police Administration (28 Leontyevskaya Street), the house of Kanobio (15 Leontyevskaya Street). He is the author of albums: Locks, bridges, and houses (1806?), plans for cast-iron bridges on the Moika (1807), buildings for Tsarskoye Selo town (1809), The anthology of facades of His Emperial Majesty approved for private buildings in the cities of the Russian Empire (1809, in collaboration with L. Rusca and V. P. Stasov), Division of city quarters into residential areas (1811), etc. He is buried at Kazanskoye Cemetery in the Tsarskoe Selo (the tombstone has not survived).

References: Коршунова М. Ф. Архитектор В. Гесте // Тр. / Гос. Эрмитаж. Л., 1977. № 18. С. 132-143; Соминич Г. Е. Архитектор Василий Иванович Гесте в Царском Селе // На рубеже двух эпох, 1801-1825-1825-1855: Тез. докл. Второй Царскосел. науч. конф. СПб., 1996. С. 53-56; Кузнецов С. О. Вильям Гесте // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX - начало XX века. СПб., 2000. С. 123-131.

Л. Д. Бурим.

Two stone service wings of the Disabled Veterans Barracks constitute the remains of the architectural ensemble, which was located here before, built by V.P. Stasov in 1821-1822 for placing Life Guard Disabled companies. Companies have been formed, according to Alexander I’s order, from the soldiers received injuries in battles of the War of 1812 and foreign campaigns. Old soldiers served according to their possibilities at the guard posts in the imperial Tsarskoye Selo residence. Five wooden barracks, one for officers and four for soldiers, were intended for them in Kolpinskaya Street. Two stone outbuildings and a water-dispensing pools of the town water supply system were built in the heart of the yard. In the first floor of the soldier’s outbuilding (9 Pushkinskaya Street) there were laundries with stoves and boilers for heating water, below there were ice-rooms, and over them in the mezzanine there were rooms for provision and a hothouse. In the officer’s outbuilding (13-a Pushkinskaya Street) there was a shed for carriages, stable for six horses and ice-rooms. In the mezzanine floor over the stable there was a room for storing hay, other rooms were used for storing grain and other economy needs. In 1859 in connection with the reorganization of the companies of Disabled Veterans, their barracks were transferred to other departments. A civilian guard team was placed in the service wings, later a garden team including fifty people was placed here. One of the wooden soldier barracks also survived (19 Pushkinskaya Street) and it was transferred to the peasant I.A. Yuzikhin. In 1869 the building was accommodated by A.F. Vidov for a dwelling house with nice facades in eclecticism forms. Alexander I, Emperor
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Vidov Alexander Fomich

STASOV Vasily Petrovich (1769-1848, St. Petersburg), architect, representative of the Empire style. The father of V.V. Stasov. From 1783, worked in the Moscow Bureau of Architecture of the Police Department. In 1801-07, completed a traineeship in France and Italy. From 1811, lived in St. Petersburg. Was conferred the title of associate member of the Academy of Fine Arts (1811). Architect of the Committee for Buildings and Water Works (since 1817). Stasov's first works consisted of the quarters for the Pavlovsky Life Guards Regiment, Yamskoy Market (1817-19) and the Court Stables with a domestic church, and were significant in terms of city-planning, anticipating K.I. Rossi's compositional ideas. Using predominantly Dorian architectural forms, Stasov imparted an austere and solemn touch to his works, which is noticeable in the Narva Triumphal Gates and Moscow Triumphal Gates, monuments to Russian Military Glory. Stasov designed the regimental Holy Trinity Cathedral and Holy Transfiguration All Guards Cathedral, participated in finishing Smolny Cathedral (see Cathedral of the Renewal of the Jerusalem Holy Resurrection Temple), having designed its interiors. Stasov also worked on private commissions: apartment houses at 6 Sredny Avenue of Vasilievsky Island; 32 Millionnaya Street; 91 Griboedova Canal Embankment; Kotomin's house. Manor-houses built in downtown St. Petersburg have not survived: Bergin's house (11 St. Isaac's Square) and Svistunov's house (19 Bolshaya Morskaya Street). Stasov supervised the reconstruction of the Winter Palace after the fire of 1837, decoration of the Oldenburgsky Palace (2 Dvortsovaya Embankment), rebuilding of the Jurisprudence Academy. In Tsarskoe Selo, he built the cast iron gates To My Good Fellow-collegues, the Great Conservatory, Riding-Hall and the Stables building. In 1817-30, he lived at 16 First Line of Vasilievsky Island, in 1843-48, at 40 Galernaya Street (memorial plaque). Buried at Necropolis of Artists. In 1969, a bust to Stasov was unveiled by the southern facade of the Holy Trinity Cathedral (sculptor М. Т. Litovchenko, architect Z.M. Verzhbitsky; in 2003, transferred).

References: Пилявский В. И. Стасов архитектор. Л., 1963; Салита Е. Г. Стасовы в Петербурге - Петрограде. Л., 1982; Тыжненко Т. Е. Василий Стасов. Л., 1990.

V. V. Antonov.

The building was constructed in the 1750s to the design of F.-B. Rastrelli in the Baroque style. Constructing was directed by the architect S.I. Chevakinsky. In 1820-1828 V.P. Stasov rebuilt the building in the Classicism style. The considerable collection of rare exotic plants from America, Africa, India, Spain, the Middle East - coffee trees, cactuses, orange trees, collections of pineapples and laurels- were collected in the hothouse during the time. The garden master Iogan (John) Bush was one of the first scientist keeper of rare plant. In summer time vats with plants were put out in front of the Catherine Palace and along Sadovaya Street. Traditionally gardeners and other workers lived in the hothouse apartments. At different times I. Bush, Alexander I’s favourite F.F. Lyamin, Ch. Cameron, governors of Tsarskoye Selo Leontyev and Ya.V. Zakharzhevsky lived here. In 1933-1934 the architect V.I. Yakovlev adapted the building for the Institute of Dairy Industry. He used an unrealized project of V.P. Stasov. Bush Iogann
Cameron Charles
Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich
Leontyev, A.I.
Lyamin, F.F.
Rastrelli Francesco de
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Yakovlev Vsevolod Ivanovich
Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town
Oranzhereinaya Street/Pushkin, town
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town

Alexander I was the author of the original architectural idea and customer of Kochubey’s country-house. The work with the project was begun in 1816 from a draft developed by the emperor himself with the help of the architect P.V. Neyelov, the final design was completed by V.P. Stasov. A semicircular terrace with columns and spherical dome, oriented to the “To my dear comrades” Gate in the Catherine Park and developed the architectural motifs of the Alexander Palace and the Concert Hall pavilion designed by G. Quarenghi, was successfully planned by the monarch-architect. The gift certificate was drawn up in April 1817 in the name of Princess M.V. Kochubey. The building was constructed in 1817-1818, the garden planning and building works were completed by 1824. During 1835-1857 it was the Tsarskoye Selo country-house of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolayevich, who was born in Tsarskoye Selo. By his full age the mansion was rebuilt in 1856-1857 to the design of the architect I.I. Charlemagne, but after the finishing of building the Grand Duke refused the country-house. The project of Charlemagne was high appreciated and the architect became an academician of architecture, but his architect career was interrupted in view of fault-finding of the owner. The spectacular terrace with two stairs and sculptures of the Italian marble lions at the eastern façade of the building remembers about Charlemagne’s work. In 1859 Alexaner II ordered to name the country-house as the Reserved Palace.
In 1895 The Reserved Palace was transferred to Grand Duke Vladimir Aleksandrovich. In 1876-1878 the architect A.F. Vidov built three cavalier’s houses for the Grand Duke retinue, wings for servants and later a garage and ice-house was built. In 1882 Alexander III considered necessary to register officially the transferring of the Reserved Palace to Vladimir Aleksandrovich under the ownership in right of primogeniture with especial conditions. Further attempts of the Grand Duke and his heirs to get the unlimited rights of ownership for the palace remained unsuccessful. After the Grand Duke’s dearth, the palace, which came into the ownership of the widow Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (Senior), was renamed the Vladimirsky Palace (in 1910), according to the Emperor’s order. In troubled 1917 during short-time the Vladimirsky Palace was used by the Soviet of Soldiers’ Deputies and Soviet authorities, a school- colony for juvenile delinquents, then here there was a School of VKP(b) (Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)) for the Communist Party activists of agricultural establishments. During the Nazi occupation of Pushkin Town in 1941-1943 the palace burned and was highly damaged, so the question about its restoration for placing the dormitory of the School of the Communist Party Education did not solve for a long time. In 1948 Doctor of Architecture, professor V.I. Yakovlev and B.L. Vasilyev, an architect of the State Inspectorate for Monuments Protection, disputed this idea of the palace using and recommended to use the palace for a culture-educational establishment (a theatre, club). Restoration and recovery work was done according to the design of the architect-restorer M.I. Tolstov in 1955-1958 for using the palace as the Palace of Pioneers. At the present time the most luxurious Palace of Wedding is placed here. Cavaliers’ houses and wings are occupied by the Cadet Corps of the Federal Frontier Service. Alexander I, Emperor
Alexander II, Emperor
Alexander III, Emperor
Kochubey Viktor Sergeevich, Duke
Nikolay Nikolaevich (Sr.), Grand Prince
Quarenghi Giacomo
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Tolstov M.I.
Vidov Alexander Fomich
Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Prince
Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Prince
Yakovlev, V.I.
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 22

A historical complex of the Tsarskoye Selo Gostiny Dvor (25 Moskovskaya Street) is located between Oranzhereinaya Street and Leontyevskaya Street. The complex includes the main building built by the architect N.S. Nikitin in 1863-1866 and rebuilt by A.R. Bach in 1898; Meat Stalls was built by N.S. Nikitin in 1843-1844; an ice- storehouse was built by A.R. Bach. A distant arch gallery along the main façade is a distinguishing feature of the complex. A shopping center was placed here according to the town plan of V.I. Geste in 1808. The first wooden Gostiny Dvor was built on this place in 1825 by V.P. Stasov according to V.I. Geste’s plan. Later the butchery and grocery was transferred into the specially equipped stone Meat Stalls. Here there were storerooms with ice-boxes, meat, fish and green stalls. The Gostiny Dvor was belonged to the town. 85 different shops were leased to merchants on agreements with the Town Council and were the main source of income of the town treasury. Bach Alexander Romanovich
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William)
Nikitin, N.S.
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town
Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 25
Oranzhereinaya Street/Pushkin, town

The monumental building of the Orderly Stables (8 Sadovaya Street) was built in 1822-1824 by the architect S.L. Shustov according to the design of V.P. Stasov for placing the own imperial stables of Alexander I. On Stasov’s conception the semicircular form building was located in the heart of the residential area between Cavaliers’ houses. It compositionally combined them into the completed architectural ensemble. Realizing the project S.L. Shustov increased the size of the building in length and hight, he built the mezzanine floors for placing employees’ apartments over the end parts of the building. The building purpose is peculiarly reflected in the sculpture decoration, frieze metopes were decorated with moulding horse heads in laurel wreathes, as well as in features of the compositional architectural solution. Inside there were horseboxes for horses and two carriage sheds that were lighted through semicircular windows in the top parts of walls. Alexander I, Emperor
Shustov Smaragd Loginovich
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 8

The Tsarskoye Selo Women College of the Saint Petersburg eparchy department was founded according to the Emperor order by Grande Duchess Olga Nikolayevna, later the Queen of Württemberg. The college opening took place on 22 October 1843 in the presence of all tsar’s family firstly in renting stone house of the Full State Councilor Obolensky (it was built in the 1820s according to the design of V.P. Stasov and V.P. Geste). The college was conceived as the exemplary one and was under the patronage of Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna and under the trusteeship of Grand Duchess Olga Nikolayevna. Later tens women religious colleges were founded per its sample in different places of the Russian Empire.
In 1846 the college was granted by the Emperor a plot of 4 desyatinas (11 acres) of the palace land - the garden of the School Gardening establishment at the Kuzmisky Gate. Until 1917 it was used for kitchen garden and meadow as well as for pupils walking and named “pepiniere” (now it is the garden near the Monument to A.S. Pushkin).
The former house of Obolensky, bought in the college ownership, was enlarged and rebuilt for educational aims in 1847-1851 according to the design of the architect D.Ye. Yefimov. A domestic chapel, consecrated in the honour of the Intercession of the Mother of God by Metropolitan of Saint Petersburg and Novgorod Nicanor in 1849, was constructed in the building. At the corner from the side of the Alexander Park a garden was laid out, it was surrounded with the fence on the stone foundation and with massive posts.
In 1881-1883 in the connection of the increase in the number of the college staff the building was overbuilt with the third floor and enlarged to the yard side according to the design and under the direction of A.F. Vidov. The engineering equipment was made at the plant of San-Galli.
All tsar family often spent the time among the college pupils, attended at public services in the domestic chapel, visited the college kitchen garden – “pepiniere”. The Tsesarevna and then Empress Maria Fiodorovna was the last august trustee since 1879, Emperor Alexander III often was here.
In the honour of the Tercentenary of the House of the Romanovs the eparchy department supposed to transform the college into a theological-pedagogical institute. For this aim in 1916 the civil engineer A. Pavlov developed a design of enlarging the building up to Tserkovnaya Street, where at the corner there was a two-storied house bought from A.P. Merder, the principal of the college. In 1916-1917 the college garden – “pepiniere” supposed to allot for constructing the Institute of Experimental Surgery to the design of S.A. Danini. However these projects had been not had time to finish in the connection of the events of 1917. After 1918 the college and chapel was liquidated, the building has been used for a school until the present time. Alexander III, Emperor
Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Danini Silvio Amvrosievich
Efimov Dmitry Egorovich
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William)
Maria Fedorovna, Empress
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Vidov Alexander Fomich
Dvortsovaya Street/Pushkin, town
Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town

TSARSKOE SELO (Pushkin town), a monument of town-planning and a palace and park ensemble dating from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century. The core of the ensemble is the estate of Empress Catherine I Sarskaya Myza (founded in 1710). To the north of the Catherine Palace, is the Church of the Holy Sign (1734-46, architects M.Y. Blank, M.G. Zemtsov). In 1752-53, the ensemble of "cavaliers' houses" (4, 6, 10, 12 Sadovaya Street; architect S.I. Chevakinsky) was developed along the north fence of the Catherine Park and Lower Stables (building 18, 20; 1756-62, architects F. Rastrelli, Chevakinsky), Hothouses (building 14; 1750s, architect Rastrelli; reconstructed in 1820-28 by architect V.P. Stasov) and the so-called "stables of the horses on duty" (building 8; 1822-24, architect Stasov) were adjoined to the ensemble. In the middle of the 18th century, the development of the territory continued along Litseisky Lane (building 5 - choristers' wing, 1752-53) and Srednaya Street (building 1 and 3 - houses of the Palace Administration, 1744) - all designed by Chevakinsky. The formation of the palace settlement was interrupted in 1783, when the place for the new town Sofia was chosen to the south-east of the Catherine Park; its plan (architect C. Cameron) was to become a model for all major provincial towns of the Russian Empire. But the project was not implemented to the full and in 1808 the town was abolished (the Holy Wisdom Cathedral and Kazanskoe Cemetery have preserved); later, the territory was built up with quarters and barracks where the Life Guard Hussar Regiment, Riflemen Regiment, Cuirassier Regiment and Artillery School were quartered. The planning of Tsarskoe Selo features regular lay-out formed by perpendicular streets. The centre is the rectangular Sobornaya Square (1808, architect V.I. Hastie) with facades of the Municipal Government and Fire Department (28, 32 Leontyevskaya Street; 1821, architects V.I. Hastie, V.P. Stasov) and Gostiny dvor (25 Moskovskaya Street; 1863-66, architect N.S. Nikitin). St. Catherine's Cathedral (1835-40, architect K.A. Ton) was demolished in 1939. Until the early 20th century, the development was confined to Bulvarnaya Street (today Oktyabrsky Boulevard). The considerable part of Tsarskoe Selo is occupied with the Catherine Park, Alexander Park, Babolovsky Park, Separate Park with Colonists' Pond (along Pavlovskoe Freeway, laid out in 1824-25, architect A.A. Menelas; 1839-47, masters F.F. Lyamin, I.F. Piper; partially replanned in the mid-19th century by architect A.F. Vidov and in the early 20 century by architect S.A. Danini), and Lyceum Garden (1819, architect A.A. Menelas, replanned in 1849, architect D.E. Efimov) with the monument to Alexander Pushkin (1900, sculptor R.P. Bach), the summer residence of M.V. Kochubey (Spare, or Vladimirsky Palace) at 22 Sadovaya Street (1817-18, architect Stasov); the summer residence of Z.I. Yusupova (10-12 Pavlovskoe Freeway; 1856-59, architect I.A. Monighetti), the summer residence of Grand Prince Boris Vladimirovich (11 Moskovskoe Freeway; 1896-97, Maple English firm; 1899, architect A.I. von Gogen). In the early 20th century, in the north of Tsarskoe Selo (Akademichesky Avenue) an ensemble was created that included Feodorovsky Settlement; the Imperial garages (1906-07, architect S.A. Danini, 1913-15, architect A.K. Minyaev); quarters of His Imperial Majesty Escort (1916, architect V.N. Maximov); Tsar's Pavilion of the railway station (1912, architect V.A. Pokrovsky). During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the ensemble of Tsarskoe Selo suffered severe damage. In the course of post-war restoration work, main constituents and focuses of pre-revolutionary architecture have been preserved.

References: Ласточкин С. Я., Рубежанский Ю. Ф. Царское Село - резиденция российских монархов: Архит. и воен.-ист. очерк. 2-е изд., доп. и перераб. СПб., 2000.

Y. M. Piryutko. Blank Ivan (Jogann)Yakovlevich
Cameron Charles
Catherine I, Empress
Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich
Rastrelli Francesco de
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich
Akademichesky Avenue/Pushkin, town
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 32
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 28
Litseisky Lane/Pushkin, town, house 5
Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 25
Moskovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 11
Oktyabrsky Boulevard/Pushkin, town
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 10
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 12
Pushkin, town
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 22
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 6
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 4
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 18
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 14
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 12
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 8
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 20
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 10
Srednaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 3
Srednaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 1

9 June. The first Lyceum graduates ("Pushkinsky") was held and the song "Farewell song of the pupils of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum" , text was written by Anton Delvig and music by the Lyceum music teacher Tepper de Fergusson, was performed.

The triumphal gate "To my dear comrades" was erected according to the design by V.P. Stasov, this gate celebrated the victory of Russian Army over Napoleon.


Major General Y.V. Zakharzhevsky became the Head of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace Board, independent of the Hof-Intendant Office. Thanks to his work, Tsarskoye Selo took the reputation of the one of the most comfortable city of the Russian Empire of the middle of the 19th cent. Zakharzhevsky worked at this post until 1865, his post was renamed as Chief Manager of Tsarskoye Selo.

18 October. The Cathedral of St. Sophia got the status of the Regiment Temple of the Life-Guard Hussar Regiment. Delwig Anton Antonovich
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Tepper de Ferguson (Fergusson), Ludwig - Wilhelm
Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.

The building of the Great Hothouse in Sadovaya Street was reconstructed according to the design of V.P. Stasov. Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town

The granite bath-pool constructed by the famous stonemason Samson Sukhanov was placed at the round extension of the Babolov Palace during its reconstruction (architect V.P. Stasov). Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Sukhanov Samson Xenofontovich

17 April. The Evangelical-Lutheran Church of the Resurrection of Christ, designed by A.F. Vidov on the place of the wooden Lutheran church built by V.P. Stasov in 1810, was consecrated.

General Ya.V. Zakharzhevsky, the Cief Manager of Tsarskoye Selo, died and was burried in a specially equipped crypt of the Cathedral of St. Catherine. Aide-de-camp General G.F. Gogel has been appointed the Chief Manager of Tsarskoye Selo Palace Board and took up the post until 1877. One of Sophia Town's street, led to the Sophia Cathedral parade-ground, was named after him.

A secondary school, the Mariyinskaya Woman Gymnasium , was opened in the town (its present address is 17 Leontyevskaya Street).

The Town Council began to work in the new building (it is the Community Centre now) rebuilt from the former auxiliary building of the Assignat Paper Factory according to the design by I.A. Monigetti. Gogel, G.F.
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Vidov Alexander Fomich
Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 17