BABOLOVSKY PARK (Pushkin town), a monument of landscape architecture situated in the southwestern part of Pushkin town is a part of Tsarskoe Selo palace park ensemble. Its area consists of 268,8 hectares. It was developed in the late 18th century near Babolovo village, close to which a small stone palace of Prince G.A. Golitsyn, which was built in the Pseudo-Gothic style (1783-1786, architect I.V. Neelov). Babolovskaya Glade is directly connected with Podkapriznaya Road leading to the Catherine Palace. Babolovsky Palace was reconstructed by architect V.P. Stasov in 1824-25, at the same time a granite bath, cut by a masonry team of S. Sukhanov, was organised in a special apartment. Taitsky Aqueduct, which encircled the southern outskirts of the park (the 1770-80s, engineer I. Gerard). A cavern with a statue of a hermit monk was installed on the aqueduct (not preserved). Babolovsky Park was enlarged in the 1820-60s. Cast iron Staro-Krasnoselskie Gates enclose Babolovsky Park (1823-26, architect A.A. Menelas).

Reference: see Tsarskoe Selo entry.

A. A. Alexeev. Gerard Ivan (Johann Konrad) Kondratievich
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Potemkin Grigory Alexandrovich, Gracious Prince of Tauride
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Sukhanov Samson Xenofontovich

The Separate Park with the Colonist Pond ( it is situated along Pavlovsk Road). It was laying out by the architect A.A.Menelaws and gardeners F.F. Lyamin and I.F. Piper in 1824 - 1825. It was partly replaned in the middle of the 19th cent. by the architect A.F. Vidov and by the architect S.A. Danini in the early 20th cent. Danini Silvio Amvrosievich
Lyamin, F.F.
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Piper, P.F.
Vidov Alexander Fomich

The Chapelle pavilion was located near the Upper Hothouses along the Menagerie line. Two Chapelle’s towers, connected with the arch, were built during 1825-1828 on the place of the dismantled southern bastion of the Menagerie. Constructing was started at the time of Alexander I rule. Menelaws used a part of walls of the Elizabethian lusthaus for constructing the new building. The appearance of the mystery – pavilion, as it was conceived by its creators, has reflected mystical spirits and legends of the Alexander epoch. The pavilion was crowned with a wind gauge in the form of a rooster and reproduced ruins a Gothic chapel, that was a well-known touch of gardening and park architecture. Inside room was lighted with stained-glass window with pictures of biblical scenes, the vault was painted by the artist V.Dadonov and sculptures of angels were made by V.I. Demut-Malinovsky. Inside the Chapelle there was a statue of the Saviour made in Stuttgart in 1820-1824 by the sculpture J.H. von Dannecker on the order of dowager Empress Maria Fiodorovna. It was supposed to place the statue in a Moscow church, but it was not done and the Empress presented the statue to her son – Emperor. A variant of the sculpture, made by the author, was placed in Regensburg. The Chapelle building was partly destroyed during WWII; a chiming clock, wind gauge, stained-glasses were lost. The restored works have to start in the pavilion at the nearest time. Alexander I, Emperor
Dadonov, V.
Danneker, I.G.
Demut-Malinovsky Vasily Ivanovich
Maria Fedorovna, Empress
Menelas Adam Adamovich

The Farm is located in the heart of the Alexander Park near the White Tower and the Military Chamber. The complex has been founded at this place from 1810 when the first wooden constructions were built according to the design of the garden designer Joseph Busch at the Menagerie stone wall. Under the direction of Busch the former farming lands of peasants of the village of Kuzminki s were transformed into the fine Farm meadow with beautiful groups of trees and ponds. At the distant from the town meadow edge an artificial mound, that was decorated with terraces and a spiral path going to the top planted along with birches, was erected. The visitors of the park were attracted with the countryside landscape with well-groomed purebred animals which were often offered bread.
The Farm stone constructions, having been now, were built by the architect Menelaws during 1817-1822 in the same English-Gothic forms as other park pavilions. These constructions were survived until the present days without major changes, only wooden construction of the fodder yard located at the western side. One- and two-story buildings connected with a fence with some gates form a picturesque ensemble. Metallic décor, yellowish limestone, red brickwork with white pointing and white plaster window casings and sandriks were used in the architectural design.
In the center between two entrance gates from the Farm road there was a two-story house of a supervisor , the façade of the house attracts the attention by two projection octahedral towers-buttresses wich are crowned with a fronton with a merlon. Different offices, apartments of a vet and farmyard workers were placed in one-story wings. In the vast yard there is a cruciform-plan building of a cow-shed with 84 stalls (now the cow-shed is used as a stable). In a corner there is a compound-plan wing intended for an ice-house and dairy with separators, refrigerators and other equipment. The wing is crowned with the fifteen-metre high round tower with the watch ground. Yakovkin in his guidebook wrote about the watch ground function , “It’s quite pleasant in bright morning to sit here and read or think or watch different views and especially to observe something using a telescope”. On the second floor there was a room for rest.
Near the tower inside the Farm fence there was a wing for imperial visitors, this wing stood out the richer decor of facades then other buildings of the complex. An cast-iron trellis terrace, used to entwine with ivy, joined with the wing outside. A beautiful Gothic Gate joined from the other side. In the wing there were two lounges, dining room, kitchen and there were four sofa rooms for rest in the mezzanine. The light maple furniture was decorated with the Gothic carving according to Menelaws’s drawings. Interiors were decorated with the Alexander time etchings with rural views of Switzerland and the Netherlands, portraits of Alexander I and his wife Yelizaveta Alekseyevna.
The imperial Farm was “a successor” of the former farm-yard that had been in Tsarskoye Selo since the first years of its foundation. Establishing the new economy Alexander I followed the advice of Empress Maria Fiodorovna, his august mother, who established the similar economy in the Pavlovsk Park earlier. According to the Emperor’s order the Tsarskoye Selo Farm workers were sent to the Empress’ farm for training. In 1822 sixty two cows and bulls of Kholmogorean and Cherkassean breeds just as European breeds – Tyrolese, Hungarian, Swiss, English and Holland ones- as well as a hundred merino sheep from Silesia were brought into the Tsarskoye Selo Farm. But only thoroughbred Kholmogorean cattle could settle down there. Afterwards breeds were chosen with the experimental way. The production was supplied for Emperor court, surpluses were sold. Farms worked under the especial supervision of the Tsarskoye Selo governor Ya.V. Zakharzhevsky. After 1865 Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholayevich became a trustee of the farms.
After the nationalization of emperor’s property the Farm and a large part of the Alexander Park with constructions, located there, were passed to the Agronomical Institute (later the Agricultural Institute, now it is the Agrarian University). The origin of the new toponim “The Farm Park” is connected with using the Farm complex as the Institute training economy. The well equipped winter stone cow-shed with cast-iron drinking bowl and other buildings used for the origin purpose during the long time. The stable of the Tsarskoye Selo Museum Preserve, where thoroughbred horses are placed now here. The horses are used for coaching in summer and sledging in winter. Alexander I, Emperor
Bush, Joseph
Elizaveta Alexeevna, Empress
Maria Fedorovna, Empress
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Nikolay Nikolaevich (Sr.), Grand Prince
Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.

The Kolonistsky Pond was made on the base of the two artificial rectangular ponds dug in 1804 on the Pavlovsk water supply system. The old track of the Moscow Road was located between them. Later, when entrance into Tsarskoye Selo was moved to the colony Fridental, the dam between ponds and the old track of the Moscow Road were destroyed. Works were done in 1824-1825 under the direction of the architect A.A. Menelaws. Two ponds were combined into one large pond, however the form and size of two former ponds can be seen in the shape of the new pond central part. Water from the pond was run to the colony of Fridental, this event gave the name Colonistsky (Colonsts’ Pond) to the pond. Afterwards the Kolonistsky Pond became an important part of the composition of the Separated Park created in 1839-1849 on both pond sides by the gardeners F.F. Lyamin and I.F. Piper. Lyamin, F.F.
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Piper, P.F.

In 1820-1822 the architect A. Menelaws built the Llama Pavilion, where llamas brought to Alexander I, apparently from Peru, were placed. In the closed courtyard there was a stable, small manège for animals and fodder store as far as accommodation for keepers. The eight-sazhen-high (sixteen-metre-high) tower towers above it. Richly decorated apartment for resting with the Empire style furniture was contained in the tower. The room walls were decorated with coloured etchings with views of Central and South America. “Using llamas for work by Peruvian” was the plot of etchings. In 1860 the architect I. Monighetti built two-story wing here for use as a photographic laboratory and since then the pavilion has been named as “Photpgraphy”. In 1907 mountain fallow-deer, brought by Colonel Zhukovsky from southern Mongolia, were kept in the manege. Alexander I, Emperor
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Zhukovsky

The pavilion White Tower of 38-metre-high, the highest construction in Tsarskoye Selo, was built by the architect A. Menelaws on the place of the Menagerie lusthouse in 1821-1827. The ensemble was designed as a Middle-Age knight castle-fortress. It includes some constructions: the Gate-Ruin with guardhouses, decorative Ruin Bridge, East bulwark of the Menagerie. The White Tower is placed on the bastion ground. The tower walls were plastered and painted in white color so it got the name white tower. The tower-castle is placed inside of spacious bastion ground, earlier it was surrounded with flowerbeds. The five-storeyed building of square section was divided in three tiers run up with ledges decorated with forged grilles. Sculpture lions are placed in the corners of the terrace which is the foot of the tower. Eight statues of Middle-Aged and Old-Russian knights, made of cast iron, were placed in niches in tower walls. An interior winding stairs led to the roof of the upper tier surrounded with the parapet. Here there was an inspection ground from which could be admired with views of parks, Tsarskoye Selo and its environs, even Saint Petersburg was seen. Photographs of Tsarskoye Selo for postcards, which were widely distributed in the early 20th century, were shot from this ground. The White Tower was almost completely destroyed during the war and restored according to the design of the architect A.A. Kedrinsky. The restoration was doing during almost twenty years and has not been finished yet.
The Ruin-Gate with guardhouses built in the Gothic style forms the entrance into the White Tower. The Ruin-Gate looks like ruins of fortress constructions, it is monumental and imitates castle entrance with the falling herse. A moulding with the heraldic coat of arms was placed over the arch. An earth bank was located in front of the gate in side as if it protects the entrance to the White Tower from the Farm road. According to the star-form of the layout the bank looks like a kronverk, an auxiliary defence construction in front of a fortress. A ditch joined with a small pond surrounded the bank. Sons of Emperor Nicholas Pavlovich were visual taught fortification on building the earth fortification. Later a high mast with rope-ladders was set inside of the “star”; a trampoline was spread around the mast. In summer when the park was opened for public, many children gathered here. Kedrinsky Alexander Alexandrovich
Menelas Adam Adamovich
Nicholas I, Emperor

12 May. In the Catherine Palace was a fire having damaged the part of the Main halls and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, in the presence of Emperor Alexander I. The Miracle-Working Icon of the Holy Sign was took from the Church of the Holy Sign. After the passion prayer of the Emperor, who exclaimed: " The Mother of God! Save my house!", the wind suddenly changed and the fire stopped. Historiographer N.M. Karamzin was the witness of this fire.

The Farm was constructed (architect A. Menelaws) for the purebred herd of hundred animals of the foreign and domestic breeds. Alexander I, Emperor
Karamzin Nikolay Mikhailovich
Menelas Adam Adamovich

Separate Park was laid out and the Colonistsky Pond was dug according to the design of A. Menelaws. Menelas Adam Adamovich

Pavilion "Elephants" designed by A. Menelaws was constructed in the Alexander Park and elephants were in this pavilion until 1917. Menelas Adam Adamovich