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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Bauer Fedor Villimovich hidden Bauer Fiodor Vilimovich (Friedrich-Wilhelm) (1734-1783, Spb.), military engineer, hydraulic engineering technologist, cartographer | |
Bauer (Baur, Baor, Bawer, Bawr) Fiodor Vilimovich (Friedrich-Wilhelm) (1734–1783, SPb), military engineer, hydraulic engineering technologist, cartographer. He was an Swede by birth, he worked for Russia from 1769 ... | | Bauer (Baur, Baor, Bawer, Bawr) Fiodor Vilimovich (Friedrich-Wilhelm) (1734–1783, SPb), military engineer, hydraulic engineering technologist, cartographer. He was an Swede by birth, he worked for Russia from 1769. Quartermaster-General (1769), Engineer-General (1780). Bauer was born in the county Ganau (Germany), he served on the army of Gessen, in Prussia, he took part in the Seven Years Warу and in Russco-Turkish War during the campaign of 1770-1771. From 1771 Bauer worked in St Petresburg, he was the Head of the General Staff and the author of its reforming. Several fortress, harbors in Kronstadt and Riga, and other constructions were built to the designs of Bauer. He designed and built several large hydraulic engineering constructions including the Mytishchi water supply system in Moscow, that was the central water supply system, first in Russia ( the work was began in 1779 and the work was finished in 1804), the Taitsy water supply system for providing Tsarskoyey Selo by water (the work was began in 1772), and the first heavy showerseverage system in St Petersburg. Bauer was the head of the Commission for the Constructing at the Fontanka River and the Catherine Canal (now the Griboyedov Canal) , the constructing of their granite embankments and descents were began under the heading of Bauer. The project of the canal between the River Msta and the River Volkhov was worked out by Bauer in 1782. He was the author of several works on the topographical descriptions of regions. Bauer lived in his own house in St Petersburg at the corner of the Big Neva River and the Fontanka River ("near the Laundress Bridge" ) (ite present address is 36 Kutuzov Embankment). The marble plaque was installed in the Grotto "Monk" in the Babolov Park in Tsarskoye Selo with the inscription in Russian and Latin " Tsarskoye Selo was provided with clean water, Tsarskoye Selo had not the clean water before, by the work of General von Bauer during the happy reign of Catherine II ".
| | | | hidden Gerhard, Ivan Kondratyevich ( Johann - Konrad) (1720–1808), an engineer, privy councillor. | |
Gerhard, Ivan Kondratyevich ( Johann - Konrad) (1720–1808), an engineer, privy councillor. He was born in Germany (Schwabia) and he got the elementary education there after that he learned at the Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg ... | Gerhard, Ivan Kondratyevich ( Johann - Konrad) (1720–1808), an engineer, privy councillor. He was born in Germany (Schwabia) and he got the elementary education there after that he learned at the Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg. In 1765 he began to serve under the heading of Count Y.E. Sivers, the Novgorod governor, and Gerhard deserved the confidence of Count Sivers by his knowledge and diligence. From 1770 Gerhard took the post of an architect at the Imperial Water Constructions. The stores complex of the New Holland district (1765-1788), the Old Kalinkin Bridge across the Fontanka River (1786-1787), a bridge across the Kryukov Canal and the granite embankments of the Kryukov Canal (1801-1807), a pier with the descent on the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island and other constructions were built with participation of Gerhard. The construction of the 13-span constant drawbridge acroos the Neva River was designed by Gerhard (it was not realized ). Gerhard as a hydraulic engineering specialist worked on the development of the Ladoga Canal and the Vyshniy Volochek water way and also under the heading of F. Bauer he worked on the constructing of the Taitsi water supply system (1773-1784) for the providing Tsarskoye Selo by water. In 1795, when some parts of the water supply system became defunct, Gerhard suggested to replace the rotted wooden water pipes by the brickwork or to build the open stone canal with the fixing of the bottom and walls of the canal. The first more expencive variant was accepted. During 1795 - 1799 the stone canal with the length of 3 versts ( about 3 kilometres) was built by Engineer- Captain F. Toll under the heading of Gerhard . As well as the participation in the hydraulic work in St Petersburg , Gerhard as a member of the "Commission for the Water Constructions for Moscow" took part in the constructing of the Mytishchi water supply system. Gerhard headed the constructing after the death of Bauer, the author and the formal head of the constructing, in 1783. In 1797 Gerhard received the approval of his design for the providing Moscow by water and money for this work, all works were finished in 1804.
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In 1779 Empress Catherine II ordered to construct a factory for producing high quality paper, officially stamped paper and banknotes, on the dam of the 5-th Lower Pond, later these ponds were named Fabrichniye (Factory’s) ... | | In 1779 Empress Catherine II ordered to construct a factory for producing high quality paper, officially stamped paper and banknotes, on the dam of the 5-th Lower Pond, later these ponds were named Fabrichniye (Factory’s). The factory-mill was built in 1784-1785 according to the design and under the direction of F.V. Bauer, a St.Petersburg military hydraulic engineer. Masters and equipment for producing paper were brought from abroad. In the main stone building there was a water mill, used in the process of production paper, rooms for keeping it. The building was located right up to the dam in order to water from a sluice fall on the wheel of the mill placed in the cellar. A stone “cherpalnya” and wooden “sushilo” were located on a plot near. The territory was protected thoroughly, only specially appointed persons had the right to attend at working areas. The supervision of the mill was imposed on the councilor V. Nebolsin and a police officer. Houses for the factory manager, officials, workers and a team, protected the factory, as well as warehouses were located at the north-western side of the pond. In 1819 the Banknote factory was closed in connection with the founding of the Despatch Office of State Papers Provision, which used workers of the Tsarskoye Selo Banknote Factory. But the production of paper, converted for making wall-paper, still worked for a long time here. The Tsarskoye Selo Wall-paper Factory, founded on the base of the Imperial Wall-paper Factory, moved from Ropsha, occupied these building from 1819 until 1860. After closing the wall-paper production in the former factory building the Tsarskoye Selo Trade Woman Alms-house of Empress Maria Fiodorovna Establishments Board was placed. A founded in 1872 orphan's home for keeping orphans and children of poor parents of all classes made its aim to prepare competent and trained to craft servants. In 1873-1878 the building was rebuilt and adjusted to a charity school according to the design of the architect A.F. Vidov. It was partially replanned and an additional three- flight stairs was constructed in the semicircular outbuilding from the yard side. In 1977 the former banknote factory was restored with displaying the original view of the façade, enclosed the perspective of the Catherine Park ponds, under the direction of the State Inspection for Monuments Protection architect B.A. Rosadeyev.
Persons Bauer Fedor Villimovich Catherine II, Empress Maria Fedorovna, Empress Vidov Alexander Fomich
| | | | hidden The Taitsi water supply system | |
The Taitsi water supply system (TW) was the water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo built according to the order of Catherine II in 1772-1787 in exchange for the outweared Vittelevo water supply system. The military engineer F.V ... | | The Taitsi water supply system (TW) was the water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo built according to the order of Catherine II in 1772-1787 in exchange for the outweared Vittelevo water supply system. The military engineer F.V. Bauer was the main architect of the original design and so the water supply system was often named “Bauersky water supply system”. I.K. Gerard, E. Karboniyer (Karbonye) and P. Pozdeyev were also among engineers who took part in building the water supply system. The Taitsi water supply system was a gravity system of outside and underground channels with storage ponds and grottoes. This system was supplied with water from so called Hanniball or Soninsky springs located near the grange of Taitsi which belonged to A.G. Demidov since the 1770s. The Taitsi water channels extension was about fifteen kilometers. Walls and bottom of the water system was original wooden. In 1793 it was found out that the wooden casing of channels rotted through so in 1795-1799 it was reconstructed and the wooden casing was changed to stone facing. The reconstruction work was headed by I.K. Gerard. The Taitsi water supply system delivered more than 12.500 cubic metres of water per day to Tsarskoye Selo in summer time but in winter the supplying often decreased in 3-4 times. Firstly the Taitsi water supply system was intended for supplying the Tsarskoye Selo ponds and fountains but really it supplied with the water all population of Tsarskoye Selo, the town of Sophia, Pavlovsk. In the 1880s the Taitsi water supply system was used for creating the system of centralized water supplying system of Tsarskoye Selo (works were completed in 1887). Since 1905 when the Orlov pressure water supply system, which was supplied from the Orlovsky springs, was put into operation, the using of the Taitsi water supply system, for the supplying of the population by fresh water, was stopped. By that time the engineering state of the water supply system has already been inadequate and in the next tens years it fell out as a result of clogging up, destroying and being overgrown of channels. Single fragments of the water supply system can be seen at the present time. In the 1980s a group of enthusiasts made an unsuccessful attempt of restoring the Taitsi water supply system as a monument of engineering idea of the 18th century. Literature: V.D. Dmitriyev “The Taitsi Water Supply System”, http://www.stroy-press.ru/print.php?id=7180 N.I. Falkovsky “The History of Water Supplying in Russia”, M., L., 1947, pages 115-118; M.I. Pylyayev “The Forgotten Past of Saint Petersburg Environments”, SPb., 2006, p. 463 I.A. Krasnov, D.N. Starostin, A.S. Sukhorukova, Ye.D. Yukhneva “Water and the World: Essays on the history of water using.” Part 2: Water in Russia,. SPb., 2007, p-s 46-47 I. A. Krasnov
Persons Bauer Fedor Villimovich Carbonnier (Carbonie), E. Catherine II, Empress Demidov Alexander Grigorievich Gerard Ivan (Johann Konrad) Kondratievich Pozdeyev, P.
Addresses Pavlovsk, town Pushkin, town София
| | | | hidden Water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo | |
Water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo; the water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo Town (Detskoye Selo Town, Pushkin Town) and Pavlovsk Town . In the middle of the 18th cent. the water supply system designed by P ... | | Water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo; the water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo Town (Detskoye Selo Town, Pushkin Town) and Pavlovsk Town . In the middle of the 18th cent. the water supply system designed by P. Ostrovski was constructed for the supplying of the Imperial residence from Vittelevsky springs. In the 1770s –1780s F.V. Bauer constructed the new spring water supply system from the Taitsi springs. Nevertheless there was no united water pipe system in the town. Opened canals were used partly for the water supply and the wooden pipes were used partly for the water supply too; citizens used the well water. In the second half of the 19th cent. the population began to rise, the quality of supply water deteriorated due to the incomplete design of the water supply system, the shortage of water began appeare periodically. In 1887 the first tower water supply system was constructed to the design of M.I. Altukhov and two water towers: the Orlov Water Tower and the Pevcheskaya (Ghorus) were constructed too. Nevertheless the problem was not solved and in 1901-1904 the up-to-date water supply system was constructed, it used the water from the Orlov springs ( springs was situated to the 14 kilimeters South-West of Tsarskoye Selo). Water, by gravity, was conducted into settling tank by means of two water pipes and from this settling tank water was supplyed into the well of the water pumping station and then water was supplyed tanks of the water towers. Branch pipe to Pavlovsk was constructed using the well at the Orlov Gates. The residential house, boilerhouse with three Cornish boilers and three Vortingtong pumps, economizer room, engine room, workshop, office, bath-house and laundary were built at the station. All buildings were lit with electricity. The water of the Orlov springs had the highest quality according to analyses. The special commission under the heading of V. E. Timonov supervised on the water supply system constructing that was realized by the Ministry of Transport. Rb 1,640,000 were spent for this project. Since 1905 Tsarskoye Selo and Pavlovsk were provided by the necessary volumes of the pure water due to this project. In 1910-1914 eight pumping constructions were built at the place of the Orlov springs. In this condition, water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo worked until the Great Patriotic War and it was seriously damaged during the battles and the occupation of Pushkin Town and Pavlovsk Town.
Persons Altukhov, Mikhail Ivanovich Bauer Fedor Villimovich Ostrovsky, Pyetr Timonov Vsevolod Evgenievich
Addresses Pavlovsk, town Pushkin, town
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The Taytsi gravity conduit, designed by the engineer F.B. Bauer, dams along Sadovaya Embankment, designed by the engineer I. Gerard, were built, the water facilities system of parks was improved and the many hydraulic constructions - bridges ... | | The Taytsi gravity conduit, designed by the engineer F.B. Bauer, dams along Sadovaya Embankment, designed by the engineer I. Gerard, were built, the water facilities system of parks was improved and the many hydraulic constructions - bridges, dams, canals - were constructed.
Persons Bauer Fedor Villimovich Gerard Ivan (Johann Konrad) Kondratievich
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