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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Saltykov-Shchedrin (real name Saltykov) Mikhail Evgrafovich hidden Bernstam Leopold-Bernhard (1859-1939), sculptor | |
BERNSTAM Leopold-Bernhard (Leopold Adolfovich) (1859-1939), sculptor. He lived in St. Petersburg in 1872-85. He studied under David Jensen at the Drawing School of Artists Encouragement Fund and in the Academy of Arts (an external student in ... | | BERNSTAM Leopold-Bernhard (Leopold Adolfovich) (1859-1939), sculptor. He lived in St. Petersburg in 1872-85. He studied under David Jensen at the Drawing School of Artists Encouragement Fund and in the Academy of Arts (an external student in 1877-83). From 1885 he worked in Paris, often returning to St. Petersburg for commission work. He painted approximately 300 portraits of Russian and European representatives of culture, science and politics, and sculpted many busts and monuments, including sculptures on the ancient and biblical subjects. He created busts of Fedor Dostoevsky (from Dostoevsky’s death mask, 1881), Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (the early 1880s; erected at the writer's grave in 1900), Denis Fonvizin, Alexander Pushkin, and Alexander Ostrovsky for the foyer of the Alexandrinsky theatre (the early 1880s); monuments to Anton Rubinstein (put up in the Conservatory foyer in 1902), Alexander Pushkin (1911, today at the Egyptian Gates to Pushkin) and Peter the Great: Peter the Great kisses the Infant Lois XV (put up in a Peterhof park, not preserved), Peter the Great Saving the Drowning in Lakhta in 1724; Peter the Great Learning Shipping Trade in Saardam, Holland in 1697 (The Tsar-Carpenter, put up in the Admiralty Embankment in 1909 and 1910; removed in 1918; a copy of the latter was erected in the same place in 1996). He made portraits of Nicholas II and members of the Imperial family (1896). His last work for St. Petersburg was the bust of Emperor Alexander III (erected in the garden of the Russian Museum, removed in 1918). Reference: Северюхин Д. Я. Любимый скульптор Государя // Невский архив: Ист.-краевед. сб. М.; СПб., 1993. [Вып. 1]. С. 246-259. O. L. Leikind, D.Y. Severyukhin.
| | | | hidden Ivanov-Razumnik R. V. (1878-1946), publicist, literary critic | |
IVANOV-RAZUMNIK (real name and family Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov) (1878-1946) literary critic, sociologist, public and political figure. He came to St. Petersburg in the 1880s, studied at the First Petersburg gymnasium ... | | IVANOV-RAZUMNIK (real name and family Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov) (1878-1946) literary critic, sociologist, public and political figure. He came to St. Petersburg in the 1880s, studied at the First Petersburg gymnasium. In 1902, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Petersburg University (from 1900, he also attended lectures at the Faculty of History and Philology); he participated in the students' movement. From 1904, he had publications in the journals Russkaya Mysl, Russkoe Bogatstvo, Zavety etc. He was close to the Socialists-Revolutionaries but was not a member. In 1916-18, a group of poets and writers united by the idea of a spiritual revolution formed round Ivanov-Razumnik [A. Bely, S. A. Esenin, N. A. Klyuev et al.; see Skify (Scythians)]. In 1917 he was an editor of the newspaper of left wing socialists-revolutionaries Delo Naroda. In 1918 he participated in the publication of the newspaper of socialists-revolutionaries Znamya Truda. In 1919, he was one of the organizers of the Free Philosophical Association (Volfila; it existed until 1924). In 1919-39, he was repeatedly exiled and arrested. In 1941, he was in the zone of German occupation and was sent to concentration camp in Eastern Prussia, he was set free in 1943. He lived in Lithuania, after that in Munich where he died. He is the author of the History of Russian Public Thought (1906-07), and of the works in the field of Russian literature from the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. He wrote memoirs Writers' Fates: Prisons and Exiles (Moscow, 2000), he edited the collected works by V. G. Belinsky, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, the series Historical-Literary Library etc. From the 1910s up to October 1941, he lived in Tsarskoe Selo (the town of Pushkin) on 20 Kolpinskaya Street. References: Лавров А. В. Иванов-Разумник // Возвращение. М., 1991. Вып. 1. С. 303-308; Иванов-Разумник: Личность. Творчество. Роль в культуре: Сб. ст. по материалам конф. СПб., 1996. Y. N. Kruzhnov.
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LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811 ... | | LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811, in the wing of the Catherine Palace built by architect V. P. Stasov. The lyceum enrolled boys from the nobility aged 10 to 12. Initially under the control of the Ministry of Public Education, it was placed under the Military Department in 1822 and the Department of Establishments of Empress Maria in 1843. It was transferred to St. Petersburg on 1 January 1844, to be situated in the former Alexandrinsky Orphan's Home at 21 Kamennoostrovsky Avenue built by architect L. I. Charlemagne in 1832-34. The education consisted of six years, junior classes receiving high school education and senior classes receiving university education. The lyceum had a Noble Boarding School attached to it in 1814-29 and a preparatory class from 1882. Among the teachers were V. F. Malinovsky, E. A. Engelgardt, A. P. Kunitsyn, N. F. Koshansky, and A. I. Galich. The curriculum mainly comprised of the humanities, especially law, also focusing on physical training, music, and drawing. Military education gave lyceum graduates the same rights as graduates of the Page Corps. The first class graduated in 1817, which included among its graduates Alexander Pushkin, A. M. Gorchakov, K. K. Danzas, A. A. Delwig, M. A. Korf, V. K. Kuchelbecker, F. F. Matyushkin, and I. I. Pushchin. It had 74 classes of graduates in 107 years totalling about two thousand people, among them prominent statesmen, public figures, scientists, and writers, including M. V. Petrashevsky, K. S. Veselovsky, A. V. Golovin, N. Y. Danilevsky, K. K. Grot, Y. K. Grot, A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, L. A. Mey, M. K. Reitern, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, D. A. Tolstoy, M. L. Yakovlev, et al. The lyceum opened the Pushkin Museum in the 1840s, and the Pushkin Library was opened in 1879, and Pushkin Lyceum Society founded in 1899, as well as a Lyceum Library made up of works written by its pupils. It was closed in 1917 by decree of the Provisional Government, and a group of lyceum graduates were condemned for a trumped-up case in 1925 (see Lyceum Graduates' Case). The lyceum building now accommodates the Alexandrovsky Vocational Lyceum, which provides elementary and secondary vocational education. Reference: Егоров А. Д. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей: В 3 ч. Иваново, 1995; Руденская С. Д. Царскосельский - Александровский лицей, 1811-1817. СПб., 1999; Павлова С. В. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей. СПб., 2002. А. P. Kupaygorodskaya.
Persons Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich Danilevsky Nikolay Yakovlevich Danzas Konstantin Karlovich Delwig Anton Antonovich Engelgardt Egor Antonovich Galich Alexander Ivanovich Golovnin Alexander Vasilievich Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich, Duke Grot Konstantin Karlovich Grot Yakov Karlovich Korf Modest Andreevich, Count Koshansky Nikolay Fedorovich Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich Kunitsyn Alexander Petrovich Lobanov-Rostovsky Alexey Borisovich, Duke Malinovsky Vasily Fedorovich Matyushkin Fedor Fedorovich Mey Lev Alexandrovich Petrashevsky (Butashevich-Petrashevsky) Mikhail Vasilievich Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich Reitern Mikhail Khristoforovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (real name Saltykov) Mikhail Evgrafovich Stasov Vasily Petrovich Tolstoy Dmitry Andreevich, Count Veselovsky Konstantin Stepanovich Yakovlev Mikhail Lukianovich
Addresses Kamennoostrovsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 21 Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 2
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