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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Tolstoy Dmitry Andreevich, Count hidden Alexander III, Emperor (1845-1894) | |
ALEXANDER III (1845, St. Petersburg — 1894), Emperor (since 1881). Second son of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna. From 1865, he was heir to the throne and Tsarevitch. He married the Dutch princess, Dagmar (see Maria Fedorovna) ... | | ALEXANDER III (1845, St. Petersburg — 1894), Emperor (since 1881). Second son of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna. From 1865, he was heir to the throne and Tsarevitch. He married the Dutch princess, Dagmar (see Maria Fedorovna). General of the Infantry (1874). He served in the Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment; later he commanded the 1st Guard Infantry Division, then, from 1874, the Guard Corps, and, from 1880, the Guard Forces and Petersburg Military District. As the heir, he lived in the Anichkov Palace. After ascending the throne, he moved to Gatchina and visited St. Petersburg only to participate in official ceremonies. His reign is characterised as an epoch of "counter-reforms", in particular, the New University Rules (1884) and City Regulations (1892). It was during Alexander III's reign that the country's economy started to recover, and St. Petersburg became one of the largest capitalist cities. The most important statesmen during Alexander III's reign were K.P. Pobedonostsev, Count D.A. Tolstoy, P.S. Vannovsky, Count I.I. Vorontsov-Dashkov, and S.Y. Witte, among others. He died in the Crimea and was buried in the SS. Peter&Paul Cathedral. His owned the Anichkov Palace, Gatchina City, and Ropsha grange. In 1909, a monument to Alexander III was erected at Znamenskaya Square (sculptor P.P. Trubetskoy). In 1937, it was dismounted and moved to the courtyard of the State Russian Museum; in 1996, it was installed in the yard of the Marble Palace. References: Чернуха В. Г. Александр III // ВИ. 1992. № 11/12. С. 46-64; Твардовская В. А. Александр III // Романовы: Ист. портреты. М., 1997. Кн. 2. С. 491-582; Александр III: Воспоминания. Дневники. Письма. СПб., 2001; Барковец О., Крылов-Толстикович А. Н. Неизвестный император Александр III: Очерки о жизни, любви и смерти. М., 2002; Великий князь Александр Александрович: Сб. док. М., 2002. Y. A. Kuzmin.
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LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811 ... | | LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811, in the wing of the Catherine Palace built by architect V. P. Stasov. The lyceum enrolled boys from the nobility aged 10 to 12. Initially under the control of the Ministry of Public Education, it was placed under the Military Department in 1822 and the Department of Establishments of Empress Maria in 1843. It was transferred to St. Petersburg on 1 January 1844, to be situated in the former Alexandrinsky Orphan's Home at 21 Kamennoostrovsky Avenue built by architect L. I. Charlemagne in 1832-34. The education consisted of six years, junior classes receiving high school education and senior classes receiving university education. The lyceum had a Noble Boarding School attached to it in 1814-29 and a preparatory class from 1882. Among the teachers were V. F. Malinovsky, E. A. Engelgardt, A. P. Kunitsyn, N. F. Koshansky, and A. I. Galich. The curriculum mainly comprised of the humanities, especially law, also focusing on physical training, music, and drawing. Military education gave lyceum graduates the same rights as graduates of the Page Corps. The first class graduated in 1817, which included among its graduates Alexander Pushkin, A. M. Gorchakov, K. K. Danzas, A. A. Delwig, M. A. Korf, V. K. Kuchelbecker, F. F. Matyushkin, and I. I. Pushchin. It had 74 classes of graduates in 107 years totalling about two thousand people, among them prominent statesmen, public figures, scientists, and writers, including M. V. Petrashevsky, K. S. Veselovsky, A. V. Golovin, N. Y. Danilevsky, K. K. Grot, Y. K. Grot, A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, L. A. Mey, M. K. Reitern, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, D. A. Tolstoy, M. L. Yakovlev, et al. The lyceum opened the Pushkin Museum in the 1840s, and the Pushkin Library was opened in 1879, and Pushkin Lyceum Society founded in 1899, as well as a Lyceum Library made up of works written by its pupils. It was closed in 1917 by decree of the Provisional Government, and a group of lyceum graduates were condemned for a trumped-up case in 1925 (see Lyceum Graduates' Case). The lyceum building now accommodates the Alexandrovsky Vocational Lyceum, which provides elementary and secondary vocational education. Reference: Егоров А. Д. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей: В 3 ч. Иваново, 1995; Руденская С. Д. Царскосельский - Александровский лицей, 1811-1817. СПб., 1999; Павлова С. В. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей. СПб., 2002. А. P. Kupaygorodskaya.
Persons Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich Danilevsky Nikolay Yakovlevich Danzas Konstantin Karlovich Delwig Anton Antonovich Engelgardt Egor Antonovich Galich Alexander Ivanovich Golovnin Alexander Vasilievich Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich, Duke Grot Konstantin Karlovich Grot Yakov Karlovich Korf Modest Andreevich, Count Koshansky Nikolay Fedorovich Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich Kunitsyn Alexander Petrovich Lobanov-Rostovsky Alexey Borisovich, Duke Malinovsky Vasily Fedorovich Matyushkin Fedor Fedorovich Mey Lev Alexandrovich Petrashevsky (Butashevich-Petrashevsky) Mikhail Vasilievich Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich Reitern Mikhail Khristoforovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (real name Saltykov) Mikhail Evgrafovich Stasov Vasily Petrovich Tolstoy Dmitry Andreevich, Count Veselovsky Konstantin Stepanovich Yakovlev Mikhail Lukianovich
Addresses Kamennoostrovsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 21 Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 2
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