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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich, Duke hidden Alexander II , Emperor (1818-1881) | |
ALEXANDER II (1818-1881, St. Petersburg), Emperor (since 1855). He was a son of Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. Tsarevitch (from 1831), General of Infantry (1847), Honorary Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1826) ... | | ALEXANDER II (1818-1881, St. Petersburg), Emperor (since 1855). He was a son of Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. Tsarevitch (from 1831), General of Infantry (1847), Honorary Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1826). His first marriage was to the Princess of Hesse and Rhine, who took the name of Maria Alexandrovna; his second (morganatic) marriage to Princess E.M. Dolgorukova (1880), who received the title of Princess Yuryevskaya. He was a member of the Committee for the Neva Bridge Construction (1841), and the head of the Committee of the St. Petersburg - Moscow Railway Construction (1842). From 1849, he commanded the Guard and Grenadier Corps, was the head of the Main Military Schools (until 1860), and Trustee of the Chesme Military Hospital. In the 1860-70s, he carried out various reforms, such as peasant (abolishment serfdom, 1861), judicial (1864), land (1865), city (see City reform 1870), and military (the 1860-70s) reforms, all of which came to be known in Russian history as the Great Reforms of Alexander II. Many people had considerable influence on state affairs and government throughout different periods of his reign, including his brother Grand Prince Konstantin Nikolaevich, aunt Grand Princess Elena Pavlovna, P.D. Kiselev, Y.I. Rostovtsev, P.A. Valuev, D.A. Milyutin, A.M. Gorchakov, P.A. Shuvalov (see the Shuvalovs), and M.T. Loris-Melikov. In 1866-81, members of secret revolutionary societies made a number of attempts on Alexander II's life, some of them in St. Petersburg. In 1866, D.V. Karakozov shot at the Tsar through the ironwork of the Summer Garden (a chapel was built on the place of attempt; not preserved), in 1879, A.K. Solovyev made an attempt on Palace Square; in 1880, S.N. Khalturin planted an explosive in the Winter Palace. On 1 March 1881, Alexander II was fatally wounded on the Catherine Canal Embankment (today Griboedova Canal) as a result of a terrorist attack by members of the group Narodnaya Volya (People's Will), and died several hours later in the Winter Palace. He was buried in the SS. Peter&Paul Cathedral. The Holy Resurrection Cathedral was built on site of the assassination. Before taking the crown, Alexander II lived in Anichkov Palace, then in the Winter Palace. In summertime he preferred the Tsarskoe Selo (particularly the Zubov Wing of the Catherine Palace), and the Farmer Palace in Alexandria. He owned Petrovsky Island, Anichkov Palace, a cottage, a personal dacha in Peterhof (1843), the Ropsha grange in the Peterhof District, and the city of Gatchina. References: Александр II и его эпоха: К 140-летию со дня восшествия на престол: Тез. докл. конф. СПб., 1995; Захарова Л. Г. Александр II // Романовы: Ист. портреты, 1762-1917. М., 1997. Кн. 2. С. 404-490; Толмачев Е. П. Александр II и его время: В 2 кн. М., 1998; Александр II и Царское Село: Кат. выст. / Гос. музей-заповедник "Царское Село". СПб., 2000. Y. A. Kuzmin.
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LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811 ... | | LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811, in the wing of the Catherine Palace built by architect V. P. Stasov. The lyceum enrolled boys from the nobility aged 10 to 12. Initially under the control of the Ministry of Public Education, it was placed under the Military Department in 1822 and the Department of Establishments of Empress Maria in 1843. It was transferred to St. Petersburg on 1 January 1844, to be situated in the former Alexandrinsky Orphan's Home at 21 Kamennoostrovsky Avenue built by architect L. I. Charlemagne in 1832-34. The education consisted of six years, junior classes receiving high school education and senior classes receiving university education. The lyceum had a Noble Boarding School attached to it in 1814-29 and a preparatory class from 1882. Among the teachers were V. F. Malinovsky, E. A. Engelgardt, A. P. Kunitsyn, N. F. Koshansky, and A. I. Galich. The curriculum mainly comprised of the humanities, especially law, also focusing on physical training, music, and drawing. Military education gave lyceum graduates the same rights as graduates of the Page Corps. The first class graduated in 1817, which included among its graduates Alexander Pushkin, A. M. Gorchakov, K. K. Danzas, A. A. Delwig, M. A. Korf, V. K. Kuchelbecker, F. F. Matyushkin, and I. I. Pushchin. It had 74 classes of graduates in 107 years totalling about two thousand people, among them prominent statesmen, public figures, scientists, and writers, including M. V. Petrashevsky, K. S. Veselovsky, A. V. Golovin, N. Y. Danilevsky, K. K. Grot, Y. K. Grot, A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky, L. A. Mey, M. K. Reitern, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, D. A. Tolstoy, M. L. Yakovlev, et al. The lyceum opened the Pushkin Museum in the 1840s, and the Pushkin Library was opened in 1879, and Pushkin Lyceum Society founded in 1899, as well as a Lyceum Library made up of works written by its pupils. It was closed in 1917 by decree of the Provisional Government, and a group of lyceum graduates were condemned for a trumped-up case in 1925 (see Lyceum Graduates' Case). The lyceum building now accommodates the Alexandrovsky Vocational Lyceum, which provides elementary and secondary vocational education. Reference: Егоров А. Д. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей: В 3 ч. Иваново, 1995; Руденская С. Д. Царскосельский - Александровский лицей, 1811-1817. СПб., 1999; Павлова С. В. Императорский Александровский (бывш. Царскосельский) лицей. СПб., 2002. А. P. Kupaygorodskaya.
Persons Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich Danilevsky Nikolay Yakovlevich Danzas Konstantin Karlovich Delwig Anton Antonovich Engelgardt Egor Antonovich Galich Alexander Ivanovich Golovnin Alexander Vasilievich Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich, Duke Grot Konstantin Karlovich Grot Yakov Karlovich Korf Modest Andreevich, Count Koshansky Nikolay Fedorovich Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich Kunitsyn Alexander Petrovich Lobanov-Rostovsky Alexey Borisovich, Duke Malinovsky Vasily Fedorovich Matyushkin Fedor Fedorovich Mey Lev Alexandrovich Petrashevsky (Butashevich-Petrashevsky) Mikhail Vasilievich Pushchin Ivan Ivanovich Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich Reitern Mikhail Khristoforovich Saltykov-Shchedrin (real name Saltykov) Mikhail Evgrafovich Stasov Vasily Petrovich Tolstoy Dmitry Andreevich, Count Veselovsky Konstantin Stepanovich Yakovlev Mikhail Lukianovich
Addresses Kamennoostrovsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 21 Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 2
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