| | -
hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Blok G.P. hidden Bely Andrey (1880-1934), writer | |
BELY Andrey (real name and family name Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (1880-1934), writer. He graduated from the Natural Sciences Department of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University (1903) ... | | BELY Andrey (real name and family name Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (1880-1934), writer. He graduated from the Natural Sciences Department of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University (1903). He was published for the first time in 1901, and was an adherent of the so-called young symbolists. From 1905 he regularly visited St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo; visited Ivanov's Wednesdays, Merezhkovsky's Salon. He was published in The World of Art, New Way and other journals. He was greatly influenced by Alexander Blok (he started correspondence in 1903, was personally acquainted in 1904), friendship with him endured heavy and painful trials, caused by the love of Bely to Block's wife - L.D. Blok. He delivered reports in Tenishevsky School, The Society for Lovers of Artistic Writing (took place at the Apollo journal editing board), etc. Bely's novel Petersburg (1-3 volumes of Sirin Petersburg publishing house, 1913-14; as a separate edition - Petersburg, 1916) was an attempt of an integral description of the city based on the so-called Petersburg text created by the preceding literary traditions and 200-year old mythology of St. Petersburg. The confrontation of European rationalism and Asian anarchy is depicted in the image of St. Petersburg in the novel, which is characterised above all by the exactness of indications to concrete places of the city. The global crisis of the historical development of Russia is reflected in a terrifying absurdity of apocalyptic Petersburg space depicted in the novel. He was a participant and editor of Scythes volume. He was one of the founders and chairs of the Free Philosophic Association Soviet in Petersburg (1919-21). He was closely associated with Alkonost publishing house. In 1931 he lived twice for a long period at R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik's in Detskoe Selo, where he was associated with V.Y. Shishkov, A.N. Tolstoy, K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, and others. Bely's recollections, The Beginning of the Century (Moscow; Leningrad, 1933), Between Two Revolutions (Leningrad, 1934) has a broad description of St. Petersburg - Petrograd culture life. He lived at 24 Liteiny Avenue (1905); 66 Nevsky Prospect (1905-06); 35 Tavricheskaya Street (1912; 1920-21), in The House of Arts (1920); in Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin) - at 20 Kolpinskaya Street (1917). References: Миронова М. Г. Урбанистическая концепция в романе А. Белого Петербург // Литературные произведения XVIII-XX веков в историческом и культурном контексте. М., 1985. С. 106-115; Долгополов Л. К. Андрей Белый и его роман Петербург. Л., 1988; Лавров А. В. Андрей Белый в 1900-е годы: Жизнь и лит. деятельность. М., 1995. D. N. Akhapkin, D.N. Cherdakov.
| | | | hidden Blok A.A. (1880-1921), poet | |
BLOK Alexander Alexanderovich (1880, St. Petersburg - 1921, Petrograd), poet. He was born in the house of his grandfather A.N. Beketov (9 Universitetskaya Embankment, the Rector's Building; memorial plaque) ... | | BLOK Alexander Alexanderovich (1880, St. Petersburg - 1921, Petrograd), poet. He was born in the house of his grandfather A.N. Beketov (9 Universitetskaya Embankment, the Rector's Building; memorial plaque). In 1891-98 he studied at Vvedensky Gymnasium, then at the Law Gymnasium, and from 1901, at the Faculty of History and Philology of Petersburg University (graduated from it in 1906). He was published for the first time in Novy Put Petersburg journal in 1903. In the 1900s he became a permanent visitor of Merezhkovsky's Salon, Ivanov's Wednesdays, Sologub's Salon, etc. His works include Snow Mask (1907), Verses on Russia (1915), Gray Morning (1920) and many other collections of verses were published in St. Petersburg (Petrograd). Russian symbolism took the most distinct shape in Blok's poetry as a literature trend. The poet saw in objects and phenomena allusions to another, more perfect world. However, in spite of his poetry being based on symbols and parables, many concrete landscapes of St. Petersburg and its environs - Strelna, Lakhta, Shuvalovo, Ozerky and other sites with exact topographic label, were reflected in Blok's verses (Stranger, In a Restaurant, On the Islands, etc.). Many details of the city were fixed in Blok's dairies and notebooks. F.M. Dostoevsky's prose (cf. poem The Double), as well as that of N.V. Gogol and A.A. Grigoryev had a great influence on Blok's image of St. Petersburg. The city attracts Blok's lyric hero and rejects, scares him at the same time. Blok aspired for his creativity to be treated as a unified novel in verses, and the city is one of the main heroes of this novel (verse cycles: The City, 1904-08; Retribution, 1908-13; Iambs 1907-14). Blok depicted the death of old St. Petersburg and the birth of new Petrograd in poems The Twelve (1918), Retribution (1910-21, was not completed) and a number of Blok's verses. The last verse of Blok, Pushkin's House (1921), reflected realities and landscapes of Petrograd. In 1918 Blok became the Head of the repertory Committee of the Theatre Department of People's Commissariat of Education, participated in work of Universal Literature publishing house, in 1919 he headed the Stage Director Department of the Bolshoy Drama Theatre; he was a member of the Free Philosophic Association (from 1919), the Literary Writers Union (from 1919), Head of Petrograd Department of All-Russian Poets Union (from 1920). He died after serious illness connected to a nervous breakdown; for contemporaries his death was regarded as marking an epoch in the history of Russian culture. He was buried at Smolenskoe Cemetery (in 1944 he was reburied at Literatorskie Mostki). In 1939 the former Zavodskaya Street was named after Blok, as well as a library at 20 Nevsky Prospect (a musical-artistical office of Mayakovsky Central City Public Library). There is Blok's monument in the courtyard of the Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg State University (11 Universitetskaya Embankment; 2002, sculptor E.I. Ratanov). Blok changed addresses ten times in St. Petersburg. The main address was 44 Petrogradskaya Embankment (1889-1906; memorial plaque); 3 Lakhtinskaya Street (1906-07), 41 Galernaya Street (1907-10); 9 Malaya Monetnaya Street (1910-12); 57 Ofitserskaya Street (today Dekabristov Street), (1912-21; from 1980 - A.A. Blok's museum appartment). References: Орлов В. Н. Поэт и город: А. Блок и Петербург. Л., 1980; Александров А. А. Блок в Петербурге - Петрограде. Л., 1987; Минц З. Г. Поэтика Александра Блока. СПб., 1999. D. N. Akhapkin.
| | | | hidden Esenin S.A. (1895-1925), poet | |
ESENIN Sergey Alexandrovich (1895-1925, Leningrad), poet. Graduated from the Zemskoe (provincial) Fourth-Class School in the village of Konstantinovo (1909) and Second-Class Teachers' College in the village of Spas-Klepiki (1912) ... | | ESENIN Sergey Alexandrovich (1895-1925, Leningrad), poet. Graduated from the Zemskoe (provincial) Fourth-Class School in the village of Konstantinovo (1909) and Second-Class Teachers' College in the village of Spas-Klepiki (1912). For the first time he came to Petrograd in March 1915 (lived from October 1915 to March 1918), joined the group of the so-called new peasants' poets, become acquainted with A. A. Blok (on the day of arrival), N. A. Klyuev, M. Gorky, S. M. Gorodetsky, Ivanov-Razumnik, A. Bely and others, published his first poem collection Radunitsa (1916). Lived at Gorodetsky's flat (14 Malaya Posadskaya Street), then with Klyuev at the flat of the latter's sister K.A. Rasshcheperina (149 Fontanka River Embankment). In 1916-17 did military service in medical sanitary train № 143 of Tsarskoe Selo, then in Tsarskoe Selo Sick Quarters № 17. In 1917-18 lived at 33 Liteiny Avenue (memorial plaque). After he had moved to Moscow in the spring of 1918, he paid brief visits to Petrograd. According to the official version, he committed suicide in the Angleterre Hotel (memorial plaque) in Leningrad on 28 December 1925. Buried in Moscow. In 1995 the monument to the Esenin was placed in the Tavrichesky Garden (sculptor A.S. Charkin, architect F.K. Romanovsky, S.L. Mikhailov). The name of Esenin was given to library № 10 of Frunzensky District and in 1974 a Street in Ozerki was named after him. References: Дитц В. Ф. Есенин в Петрограде - Ленинграде. Л., 1990; Над Невой твоей...: Юбил. сб. к 100-летию С. А. Есенина. СПб., 1996; Бунатян Г. Г. Город муз: Лит. памят. места г. Пушкина. СПб., 2001. С. 246-261. T. M. Dvinyatina.
| | | | hidden Hollerbach E. F. (1892-1942), Art Historian | |
HOLLERBACH Erich Fedorovich (1892, Tsarskoe Selo - 1942) art historian, literary critic, bibliophile. In 1911-17, he studied at the Psychoneurological Institute ... | | HOLLERBACH Erich Fedorovich (1892, Tsarskoe Selo - 1942) art historian, literary critic, bibliophile. In 1911-17, he studied at the Psychoneurological Institute, at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and at the Faculty of History and Philology of Petrograd University. He was a staff member of the Russian Museum in 1921-24; from 1923 he was in charge of the artistic department of the Petrograd Department of the State Publishing House. He was one of the founders and a head of the Leningrad Society of Bibliophiles (1923-26). He is the author of works on the questions of graphic art, monographs about the creative works of by M. V. Dobuzhinsky (1923), G. K. Lukomsky (1928), B. M. Kustodiev (1929), Alexander Pushkin, V. V. Rozanov, A. A. Blok, A. A. Akhmatova et al., of books, articles and guide books about Tsarskoe Selo, including the anthology Tsarskoe Selo in the Poetry (1922) and of the book with lyrical prose City of Muses (1927; a more profound edition illustrated by himself - 1930). He lived in Tsarskoe Selo in the corner of Moskovskaya Street and Leontyevskaya Street (the house has not been preserved). He died in Vologda while being evacuated during the blokade. Works: Meetings and impressions. St. Petersburg, 1998. O. L. Leikind, D. Y. Severyukhin.
| | | | hidden Klyuev N.A. (1887-1937), poet | |
KLYUEV Nikolay Alexeevich (1884-1937), poet, prose writer. Studied in Vytegra Church School, then in the two-class Mining School. His works were published from 1904 onwards. The first verse collections, The Chime of Pine-Trees (1911), dedicated to A ... | | KLYUEV Nikolay Alexeevich (1884-1937), poet, prose writer. Studied in Vytegra Church School, then in the two-class Mining School. His works were published from 1904 onwards. The first verse collections, The Chime of Pine-Trees (1911), dedicated to A.A. Blok and numerous magazine publications gained Klyuev the fame as an original people's poet oriented to North Russian folklore. The stylistic talent of Klyuev became apparent in the collections Brothers' Songs (1912), True Stories of the Wood (1913), Worldly Thoughts (1916), Coppery Whale (1919), Lion's Bread (1922). He paid short visits to St. Petersburg, during one of them, in September of 1911, he had his first personal meeting with Blok (they had previously been in correspondence) and S.M. Gorodetsky; evidently, it was then he also me with N.S. Gumilev and A.A. Akhmatova and his interaction with the founders of the Guild of Poets started (until February 1913). His longest stay in Petrograd was from October 1915 to January 1916, and again until the summer of 1917 (intermittently). This was a period of close friendship with S.A. Esenin (participation in Krasa Literary and Art Association, then - Strada Association, public appearances, etc.) they are credited with the creation of new peasants' poetry. In 1915-18 lived at the flat of his sister K.A. Rasshcheperina (149 Fontanka River Embankment). The years of 1918-22 he spent in Vytegra. In 1923-32 again lived in Petrograd - Leningrad (45 Bolshaya Morskaya Street). Arrested in 1934 in Moscow, served his sentence in Tomsk. There he was again arrested in June 1937 and shortly afterwards executed by shooting. Reference: Азадовский К. М. Жизнь Николая Клюева: Док. повествование. СПб., 2002. T. M. Dvinyatina.
| | | | hidden Mayakovsky V.V. (1893-1930), poet | |
MAYAKOVSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet. Studied at Kutais Gymnasium and in the Moscow School for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He visited St ... | | MAYAKOVSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet. Studied at Kutais Gymnasium and in the Moscow School for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He visited St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad reasonably frequently in 1912-30, lived there in 1915-19 (7 Zhukovskogo Street - at the flats of O.M. Brik and L.Y. Brik; 52 Nadezhdinskaya Street, memorial plaque; from 1936 named after him Mayakovskogo Street). Took an active part in futuristic disputes and public readings (Brodyachaya sobaka Cafe-Cabaret, Troitsky Theatre, Tenishevsky School and many others), in exhibitions of the Petersburg Association of Artists of the Union of the Youth; contributed to journals Novy Satirikon and Letopis. His Petrograd circle of acquaintances was included D.D. Burlyuk, O.M. Brik and L.Y. Brik, A.E. Kruchenykh, V.E. Meyerhold, A.A. Blok, V.Khlebnikov, M. Gorky, K.I. Chukovsky, I.E. Repin. It was in Petrograd that many of Mayakovsky's works were written and published for the first time (A Cloud in Pants, 1915 etc.), and it is here the tragedy Vladimir Mayakovsky (1913), the play Mystery Bouffe (1918) and other plays were staged. The Petrograd of Mayakovsky's poetry is an abstract image of an urban city, depicted through the tragic view of life possessed by his characters (The Hell of the City, Man, etc.), besides it is a topographically accurate display of revolutionary events (Very Good! and others). The monument to Mayakovsky was placed in the public garden at the corner of Mayakovskogo Street and Nekrasova Street (1976, sculptor B.A. Plenkin, architect V.P. Litvyakov). The Central City Library, a metro station, streets in former Volodarsky Village, Strelna, Pavlovsk and other towns have been named after Mayakovsky. References: Эвентов И. С. Маяковский в Петрограде - Ленинграде. Л., 1963; Катанян В.А. Маяковский: Хроника жизни и деятельности. 5-е изд., доп. М., 1985; Вейс З. А., Гречнев В. Я. С Маяковским по Санкт-Петербургу. СПб., 1993. D. N. Cherdakov.
| | | | hidden Rozhdestvensky V.A. (1895-1977), poet | |
ROZHDESTVENSKY Vsevolod Alexandrovich (1895, Tsarskoe Selo of St. Petersburg province - 1977, Leningrad), a poet. He graduated from the First St. Petersburg Gymnasia and began to appear in the press in 1910 ... | | ROZHDESTVENSKY Vsevolod Alexandrovich (1895, Tsarskoe Selo of St. Petersburg province - 1977, Leningrad), a poet. He graduated from the First St. Petersburg Gymnasia and began to appear in the press in 1910. In 1914 he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of Petrograd University, but in 1916 was mobilised to serve in the army. He took part in the February Revolution and October Revolution of 1917, as well as in the Civil War. He was a member of the Third "Guild of Poets". His first collections of poems include: Years in Gymnasia (1914), Summer, Golden Spindle (both date back to 1921), Ursa Major (1926), Granite Garden (1929); altogether he published over 30 volumes of poetry. His acquaintance with A.A. Blok had a significant impact on Rozhdestvensky. In the early 1920s M. Gorky engaged him in the work of the publishing house World Literature, and that appeared to be the starting point of his poetic translations to which he devoted himself. In 1941 he was attached to the Leningrad Militia, later assumed the functions of a war correspondent at the Volkhovsky and Karelsky fronts. Rozhdestvensky left memoirs Passages of Life (1962, second edition in 1974), Box of Memory (1972), and a number of opera librettos. The unique image of his native city, which had inspired the best works of Russian and World culture, as well as the heroic pages of its past, the charm of its suburbs represent the basic subjects of Rozhdestvensky's lyric poetry (cycles On the Banks of the Neva, The City of My Youth, Familiar Names, The City of Glory, Gardens of a Poet etc.). In 1919-21 he lived in the House of Arts, dwelled at 33 Liteiny Avenue from the late 1930s, and 9 Griboedova Canal Embankment from 1949 (memorial plaque). He was buried at Literatorskie Mostki. References: Амстердам А. В. Всеволод Рождественский: Путь поэта. М.; Л., 1965; Васильева И. А. Всеволод Рождественский: Очерк жизни и творчества. Л., 1983; О Всеволоде Рождественском: Воспоминания. Письма. Документы. Л., 1986. T. M. Dvinyatina.
| | | | hidden | | |
4 March. On N.S. Gumilyov's initiative I.F. Annensky was acquainted with the critic S.K. Makovsky and the poet M.A. Voloshin in the flat of I.F. Annensky in Sophia Town ... | | 4 March. On N.S. Gumilyov's initiative I.F. Annensky was acquainted with the critic S.K. Makovsky and the poet M.A. Voloshin in the flat of I.F. Annensky in Sophia Town. Annensky enthusiastically supported Makovsky's idea about creating the literary magazine "Apollon" and accepted the offer to be a member of the magazine editorial staff. In the same year Annensky was acquainted with poets O. Mandelshtam and M. Kuzmin and had the last meeting with A. Blok in Tsarskoye Selo. 30 April. Russian young scouts' campfire was lighted in the Pavlovsk Park. On this day the first in Russia detachment of Tsarskoye Selo scouts was formed on the initiative of Oleg Ivanovich Pantyukhov, Staff-Captain of the First Life Guard His Emperor Majesty Infantry Regiment. The summer. The staging of Schiller's tragedy "Missianskaya nevesta" ("Die Braut von Messina ( The Bride of Messina")) in translation of Grand Duke K. Romanov (K.R.) with his participation and with participation of officers of the Life Guard Izmailovsky Regiment (the society "Izmailovsky dosug" ("The Leisure of the Izmailovsky Regiment Officers")) was performed in the Chinese Theatre. 20 July. The ceremonial laying of the Fiodorovsky Emperor Cathedral took place in the presence of the whole Tsar's family. 30 November. The outstanding Russian poet I.F. Annensky suddenly died as a result of the heart failure on footsteps of the Vitebsk Railway Station. In the same evening Annensky's corpse was delivered from Saint Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo in a special coach. On 4 December Annensky was performed the burial service in the Rozhdestvenskaya Chuch at the gymnasium and then Annensky was burried in the Kazan Cemetery. Vera Ignatyevna Gedroits , the first in Russia woman-surgeon, St. George order-bearer, Princess, poet and writer (her pseudonym is Sergey Gedroits) who got the spoken nickname "George Sand of Tsarskoye Seko", was appointed as an attending physician of the Tsarskoye Selo Palace Hospital. The Palace and town telephone exchange worked in Tsarskoye Selo as well as public telephone call-boxes worked at the railway station and in Sophia Town.
Persons Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich Blok G.P. Gedroits, Vera Ignatyevna, princess Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Prince Kuzmin Mikhail Alexeevich Makovsky Sergey Konstantinovich Mandelstam Osip Emilievich Pantyukhov Oleg Ivanovich Voloshin Maximillian Alexandrovich
| | | | hidden | | |
17 January. In the Alexander Palace, Crown Prince of Serbia Alexander was received. 3 February. In the Alexander Palace, Nicholas II received Maurice Paleologue, the new French ambassador, and all members of the French Embassy. 24 June ... | | 17 January. In the Alexander Palace, Crown Prince of Serbia Alexander was received. 3 February. In the Alexander Palace, Nicholas II received Maurice Paleologue, the new French ambassador, and all members of the French Embassy. 24 June. The laying of the new barracks of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, the 3rd Infantry Regiment and the Escort Unit took place in the presence of Nicholas II. 20 July. The Manifesto declaring the war against Germany was signed . August. Princess V.I. Hedroitz re-equipped the Tsarskoye Selo palace hospital for the surgery of wounded men and she taught the Empress, Grand Duchess Olga and Grand Duchess Tatyana to work as nurses, then they regularly nursed in a hospital from 1914 until the summer of 1917. 5 August. А. Akhmatova , N.Gumilev (he was dressed in military uniform) and A. Blok had dinner at the Tsarskoye Selo Station in Petersburg. 28 August. The hospital "Their Majesties Grand Duchesses Maria Nikolayevna and Anastasia Nikolayevna was opened at the Fiodorovsky Cathedral" . During 1914 only in Tsarskoye Selo more than 50 hospitals were opened, including the hospitals in private houses. 1 September. The information about the defeat of Austria troops in Galitsia and along the front was received in Tsarskoye Selo. 6 November. Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna with her daughters Olga and Tatyana, together with 42 nurses of the 1st military graduates, succefully passed the examination and received nurse certificates in the building of the Red Cross Society in Leontyevskaya Street. Architect V.А. Pokrovsky constructed barracks of the 3rd Life-Guard Infantry Regiment, in Kadetsky Boulevard, designed in the spirit of the old defence constructions of Russian towns. November. Artist О.L.Della -Vos- Kardovskaya finished the portrait of А.Akhmatova and drew the statue of " Rome Matrona" of the Catherine Park into the album of the poet; А.Akhmatova, in her poem "In Tsarskoye Selo", named this statue as "her marble twin" The end of November. Funerals of warriors, who perished in battles of WWI or died from injuries later in the hospitals of Tsarskoye Selo, were began on the plot near the Kazansky cemetery, on the initiative of Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna. More than 1,000 warriors were buried here from 1914 until 1917.
Persons Akhmatova Anna Andreevna Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress Blok G.P. Della-Vos Kardovskaya, Olga Ludvigovna Gedroits, Vera Ignatyevna, princess Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich Nicholas II, Emperor Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Princess Paleologue Georges Maurice Pokrovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich Tatyana Nikolaevna, Grand Princess
Addresses Kadetsky Boulevard/Pushkin, town Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town
| | | | | |
