ALEXANDER PALACE (Pushkin), an architectural monument in Neoclassical style; constructed in 1792-96 (architect G. Quarenghi); located on the territory of the Alexander Park. It forms a part of Tsarskoe Selo palace and park ensemble; was meant for the grandson of Empress Catherine II, Grand Prince Alexander Pavlovich (the future Emperor Alexander I), whom it was named after. Later on, it served as a private imperial residence (under Emperor Nicholas II - his permanent residence). The building of the Alexander Palace is placed along the axis of the transverse alley of the park, enclosing its perspective with the southern facade adorned with semirotunda dome. The main northern facade is marked with a double Corinthian colonnade set between symmetrical corbels. On the porch in front of the colonnade there are cast-iron statues, cast in 1838 in Alexandrovsky Factory to the designs of sculptor N.S. Pimenov (The youth, playing knucklebones) and A.V. Loganovsky (The youth, playing fid). After the February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas II and members of his family were kept in the Alexander Palace until they were exiled to Tobolsk. From 1918, the Alexander Palace functioned as a palace-museum. In 1949, in it the exposition of the All-Union Museum of Alexander Pushkin was opened, shortly afterwards it was closed down, as the building was given to a military department. As a result the Alexander Palace suffered greatly because of incorrect maintenance. Since the 1990s, reconstruction has been conducted, a number of halls host museum displays. The interiors decorated to the plans of architects V.P. Stasov (1817-27) and R.F. Meltzer (1896-98).

References: Александровский дворец и парк в г. Пушкине. Л., 1937; see also the article Tsarskoe Selo.

A. A. Alexeev. Alexander I, Emperor
Catherine II, Empress
Loganovsky Alexander Vasilievich
Meltzer Roman (Robert-Friedrich) Fedorovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Pimenov Nikolay Stepanovich
Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich
Quarenghi Giacomo
Stasov Vasily Petrovich

During its random staying in Tsarskoye Selo over the 19th century the Emperor Escort occupied hussar and cuirassier barracks. The first permanent wooden barracks of the Own His Emperor Majesty Escort were built in 1895 in the Alexander Park in connection with placing the permanent residence of Emperor Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace. The barracks were consecrated on 28 September 1895 in the presence of the Emperor. Each of three sotnias (a unit of a hundred soldiers) was placed with maximum comforts: in separate barracks with separate kitchens and stables, with electric lighting. Only a bakery, smithy and bathhouse were common for all three sotnias. In 1911 the centenary of “the Emperor’s guard” was celebrated. The constraction of the Fiodorovsky Emperor Cathedral (1909, the architect A.N. Pomerantsev; 1910-1912, the architect V.A. Pokrovsky) and the Officers’ Assembly building (1910-1911, the architect V.A. Pokrovsky) for needs of the Own His Emperor Majesty Escort and the Combined Infantry Regiment was dated to this centenary. Later it was decided to build new barracks for the Escort soldiers also.
The ceremonial laying of the barracks according to the design of the architect V.N. Maksimov took place on 25 June 1914 in the presence of the Emperor on the place of an old wooden building. The main building work was done for three years, but the construction, which must be finished in 1917, was not completed. However the barracks were inhabited, and as some Escort soldiers were in the Emperor Headquarters and at the front, the spare rooms were used for a hospital for wounded soldiers. The barrack building was multifunctional with two closed courtyards. The architect has provided here for all needs for placing the Escort soldiers: living barracks, stables, administrative, training, gymnastic, store rooms. Sothia buildings were separated with five arch passages and picturesque tier porches. From the 1920s until the present days the barracks of the Own Escort were occupied by the Agrarian University. The post-war restored repair was done during 1954-1957 under the direction of the architect L.Ya. Rotinov, the appearance of the building was simplified enough. The large sotnia’s yard was opened to the direction of the park and decorated with lawns and flower-beds of landscape laying according to the project of the architect N.Ye. Zakamsky. A small yard in the northern part of the building survived the originak fence and gate. The building, stretched in parallel with the front of the Menagerie eastern bastion, was successfully included in the landscape composition of the Alexander Park. Pyramidal towers, completed like ancient fortresses with conic and facetted roofs and weathercocks with the image of St. George the Victorious and a warrior with a bow, give the expressiveness to the building. Facades were stylized in forms of the ancient Russian architecture and they do not remember ordinary barrack-buildings by anything. The northern block is especially distinguished by rich mansion window surrounds and an open arch gallery of the entrance on the squat tubby pylons. The influence of the Modernist style is noticeable in the form of arches. Maksimov, Vladimir Nikolayevich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Pokrovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich
Pomerantsev Alexander Nikanorovich

BERNSTAM Leopold-Bernhard (Leopold Adolfovich) (1859-1939), sculptor. He lived in St. Petersburg in 1872-85. He studied under David Jensen at the Drawing School of Artists Encouragement Fund and in the Academy of Arts (an external student in 1877-83). From 1885 he worked in Paris, often returning to St. Petersburg for commission work. He painted approximately 300 portraits of Russian and European representatives of culture, science and politics, and sculpted many busts and monuments, including sculptures on the ancient and biblical subjects. He created busts of Fedor Dostoevsky (from Dostoevsky’s death mask, 1881), Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (the early 1880s; erected at the writer's grave in 1900), Denis Fonvizin, Alexander Pushkin, and Alexander Ostrovsky for the foyer of the Alexandrinsky theatre (the early 1880s); monuments to Anton Rubinstein (put up in the Conservatory foyer in 1902), Alexander Pushkin (1911, today at the Egyptian Gates to Pushkin) and Peter the Great: Peter the Great kisses the Infant Lois XV (put up in a Peterhof park, not preserved), Peter the Great Saving the Drowning in Lakhta in 1724; Peter the Great Learning Shipping Trade in Saardam, Holland in 1697 (The Tsar-Carpenter, put up in the Admiralty Embankment in 1909 and 1910; removed in 1918; a copy of the latter was erected in the same place in 1996). He made portraits of Nicholas II and members of the Imperial family (1896). His last work for St. Petersburg was the bust of Emperor Alexander III (erected in the garden of the Russian Museum, removed in 1918).

Reference: Северюхин Д. Я. Любимый скульптор Государя // Невский архив: Ист.-краевед. сб. М.; СПб., 1993. [Вып. 1]. С. 246-259.

O. L. Leikind, D.Y. Severyukhin.

COURT CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY FEODOROVSKAYA in Tsarskoe Selo, located at 32 Akademichesky Avenue, Pushkin, an architectural monument, attached to the unfinished complex of Feodorovsky settlement. Construction works commissioned by the Imperial family were undertaken in 1909-12, to the designs of architect V. A. Pokrovsky, who took the Holy Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin as a model. The building includes the Upper Church consecrated in the name of the Icon of Our Lady Feodorovskaya, which was a sacred, ancestral icon belonging the Romanov Dynasty, and the Lower (Cave) Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov. The facades are adorned with mosaic panels made in the workshop of V. A. Frolov. The five-tier iconostasis of the Upper Church contains icons made in Moscow in the workshop of N. S. Emelyanov according to ancient patterns, it can currently be seen in the Museum of Religious History. The church plates were made to look like those of the 17th century and were produced by Olovyanishnikov’s Company. The Lower church is decorated according to the plans of architect V. L. Maximov with 17th century icons. The walls were upholstered with dark textile and ornamented with polychrome patterns (artists I. P. Pashkov and V. S. Shcherbakov). The cathedral treasured the relics of St. Seraphim of Sarov. The Imperial family of Emperor Nicholas II usually prayed here (there was also a separate chapel for the Empress). The cathedral was originally owned by His Imperial Majesty’s Escort and Household Infantry Regiment, which guarded the Imperial residence, but was transferred to government ownership in 1914. At the beginning of 1934, the cathedral was closed down and turned into a cinema theatre, decorations were either taken to museums or ransacked. In the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the building was extensively damaged, later it functioned as a storehouse. In 1985-95, restoration was carried out. In February 1992, services in the Lower church were resumed, and in the summer of 1996 services started in the Upper church as well. In 1993, a bronze bust of Emperor Nicholas II (sculptor V. V. Zayko) was unveiled next to Court Cathedral of Our Lady Feodorovskaya.

References: Мещанинов М. Ю. Храмы Царского Села, Павловска и их ближайших окрестностей. СПб., 2000. С. 41-52; Кузнецов В. В. "Вспоминаю наш храм..." // С.-Петерб. епарх. ведомости. 2001. № 24. С. 77-87; Черновская Л. Ф. Государев собор // Там же. С. 88-95; Феодоровский Государев собор / Авт. текста: Л. В. Бардовская, Г. Д. Ходасевич. СПб., 2002.

V. V. Antonov. Emelyanov Nikolay Sergeevich
Frolov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Olovyanishnikov P.I.
Pashkov Ivan Vasilievich
Pokrovsky Vladimir Alexandrovich
Shcherbakov Valentin Semenovich
Zayko Viktor Vladimirovich
Akademichesky Avenue/Pushkin, town, house 32

RODZYANKO Mikhail Vladimirovich (1859-1924), public and political figure, author of memoirs. After graduating from the Page Corps in 1877, he served with the Mounted Regiment (transferred to the reserve in 1882, retired in 1885). From 1883, he was involved with nobility elections and in regional councils. In the late 1905 - early 1906, he was one of the founders of the League of October 17 (and a member of its Central Committee). In 1906-07, he was a member of the State Assembly. Rodzyanko was a Deputy with the Third and Fourth State Dumas. In the Third State Duma, he chaired the Land Committee, and was Vice-Chairman (elected Chairman in 1910) of the Octobrists' Faction Bureau. On 22 March 1911, he was elected Chairman of the Third State Duma, continuing on Chairman of the Fourth State Duma in 1912-17. During the First World War (1914-18) he was a member of the Special Conference for Defence and Chairman of the All-Russian Committee on Public Aid for Military Loans. Rodzyanko was one of the founders and leaders of the Progressive Bloc (1915). During the February Revolution of 1917, he presided over the Provisional Committee of the State Duma; among other activities, he took part in the forming of the Provisional Government and led abdication talks with Emperor Nicholas II and renunciation talks with Grand Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich. He was also one of the founders of the Liberal Republican Party and the Council of Public Figures, and blamed the Provisional Government for the army's disorganised state and the disruption of the economy and state. In October 1917, he tried to form an opposition to the Bolshevik coup, then took part in the White Movement in the south of Russia. He emigrated in 1920 to Yugoslavia. Rodzyanko wrote memoirs on events in Petrograd of 1916-17.

References: Марголис Ю. Д. Ценные признания М. В. Родзянко - мемуариста // Проблемы истории России XVIII - ХХ веков. Сыктывкар, 1997. С. 4-12.

D. D. Bogoyavlensky.

Constructing of a four-storied stone Post Office with stables and sheds in the town of Sophia was made in 1784 to the design of Ch. Cameron. In 1805-1806 it was rebuilt according to L. Rusca’s project under the direction of the brick-master D.Visconti. In 1837-1840 the former Post Office rebuilt for needs of the Tsarskoye Selo local hospital of the second class for three hundred patients of lower rank, fifteen doctors and eighty eight people of service personnel. A small public garden with tall trees was laid out on the square in front of the hospital. A landscape garden and service yard with many wings, spread up to Furazhnaya Street, was made inside the yard. At the corner with Gostotalnaya (Hospital) Street there was the stone chapel of the St. Nicholas the Miraclemaker. On Christmas holidays Nicholas II usually visited this hospital and the marshal department delivered Christmas fir-trees and presents for soldiers and officers been in the hospital on behalf of the Emperor. Presents was given by Grand Duchesses come with the Emperor. The School of Lower aircraft crew (ShMAS) was placed here after 1917. Cameron Charles
Nicholas II, Emperor
Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)

A country house, looked like an English cottadge, is the first model of the St. Petersburg Modern and the scene of action of the famous series of TV films about Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. In 1896 the plot of the Separated Park on the Kolonists Pond coast, belonged to Princess M.M. Meshcherskaya (nee Princess Dolgorukaya, in the second marriage Berg), was granted by Nicholas II to Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich for building the mansion for his son Boris Vladimirovich. The main house and wing with stable, coach-house and clock tower were built in 1896-1897 for the full age of the prince. It is supposed that the main house was built by the English architects Shernborn and M.X, Beily Scott, as well as the London Trade House “Maples”. The Reserve house (for placing guests, a driver and garage) was built in 1899 to the design of A.I. von Gogen. In 1918 the country house was used for short staying Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich and his family. Since 1922 the complex belonged to the World-known All-Union Research Institute of Plant Growing according to the choice of the place by scientist – geneticist N.I. Vavilov, the founder and the first director of the institute, who worked here until his arrest. Gogen Alexander Ivanovich von
Nicholas II, Emperor
Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Prince
Scott Bayli, M. Kh.
Shernborn
Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich
Vladimir Alexandrovich, Grand Prince

The Military Chamber, located in the Alexander Park near the White Tower, was built on the initiative of Nicholas II in 1913-1917 according to the design of the civil engineer S.Yu. Sidorchuk like an Old Russian fortress. It was decided to organize here the Museum of the Military History of Russia which was named the Tsar’s Military Chamber. One-storied light gallery and two small towers were given for placing the museum collections. Big size exhibits must be placed in the third big tower. It was intended that the bilighted hall for 400 seats would use as a lecture-hall and movie theatre. Portraits of the first knights of St. George’s order were placed in the museum during World War I. Examples of arms and ammunition, taken away from the enemy, were delivered from the front to the museum. Big artillery guns and even a aircraft were placed in the courtyard.
In 1918 the museum was closed and exhibits were passed into other museums. Now this building is belonged to the State Museum Reserve “Tsarskoye Selo”. It is planned to create here a museum exposition devoted to World War I. Nicholas II, Emperor
Sidorchuk S.Y.
Akademichesky Avenue/Pushkin, town

A part of the area of the closed Wall-paper Factory with old barracks and director’s house, belonged to the Banknote Factory since 1780, was given for building the Town Council according to the Emperor’s order in 1859. The project of adaptation of the director’s house into the office and hall for public meetings of the Town Council with the inscription on the façade “The Tsarskoye Selo Town Council” was developed by I.A. Monighetti. The construction was directed by A.F. Vidov. In 1865 the Town Council was moved into a new building which was enlarged and overbuilt with the third floor. In 1901-1902 the building was replanned and enlarged once more to the design of A.R. Bakh. Meetings of temporary premises session of the circuit court and military presences, performances, concerts, charity lotteries were held in the Town Council hall. The assembly hall was decorated with bronze busts of owners of Tsarskoye Selo, empresses Catherine I and Catherine II, a portrait of Nicholas II completed the gallery of the emperors of the 19th century. In the anteroom there was a bust of the Governor of Tsarskoye Selo Artillery General Ya. V. Zakharzhevsky. Bach Alexander Romanovich
Catherine I, Empress
Catherine II, Empress
Luchini Giovanni (Ivan Franzevich)
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Vidov Alexander Fomich
Zakharzhevsky, Ya.V.
Naberezhnaya Street/Pushkin, town

The first Common Cemetery of World War I heroes was founded in September 1914 according to the initiative of Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna. It occupies a plot near the Kazan Cemetery and was under the special patronage of the Empress. Its territory was fenced in, at first the fence was wooden and later it was replaced by lace iron one with crosses on pillars and green fir-trees hedge. An alley planted along with evergreen thuja, on sides of which there were equal rows of turfed grave mounds and planted with flowers in summer. The Common Cemetery was kept for Her Majesty’s money and was in charge of The Tsarskoye Selo special evacuation center. It was served by a team of soldiers. Officers and lowers ranks, perished on battle fields and dead in Tsarskoye Selo military hospitals, were buried here. Later it was allowed to bury here the people who served in the Tsarskoye Selo special evacuation center hospitals and was known by their special care about wounded men. By October 1917 in the cemetery there were more then a thousand of individual graves with carved wooden crosses. In the cemetery there was a small wooden church, the design of which, approved by the Empress on 3 July 1915, was developed by the architect S.Yu. Sidorchuk in the Russian northern architecture traditions. Trees, felt by a hurricane in the spring 1914 in the Tsarskoye Selo parks, were used as materials for building. The church was built at the earliest possible time: the laying took place on 18 August, and church was consecrated in the name of the icon of the Mother of God “The Healer of Sorrows” on 4 October 1915 in the presence of the Empress and Grand Duchesses. Hieromonk Dositheus (Razumov), a priest of the 131th evacuation hospital that time, became the first dean of the church. At Easter on 19 April 1916 a service for the commemoration of the soldiers perished in battle fields was performed here. Nicholas II, Alexandra Fiodorovna with the Heir Tsesarevich Alexey and daughters Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia as well as other members of the imperial family- the Queen of Hellenes Olga Konstantinovna, Grand Duchesses Yelizaveta Fiodorovna and Yelizaveta Mavrikiyevna -were in presence at the service. In 1938 the church was closed and demolished, the cemetery was destroyed. In 2008 a granite obelisk was constructed on the former cemetery territory in 2008. It was erected in the commemoration of heroes perished in World War I during 1914-1918. Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Elizaveta Fedorovna, Grand Princess
Nicholas II, Emperor
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Princess
Sidorchuk S.Y.
Tatyana Nikolaevna, Grand Princess

23 October. In Tsarskoye Selo Nikolai Otsup, the future poet and literary critic, whose muse was closely connected with Tsarskoye Selo, was born in the family of the photographer A. Otsup.

22 November. Emperor Nicholas II and Alexandra Fiodorovna, the young couple , moved into the Alexander Palace after their wedding on 14 November. Nicholas wrote in his diary:"There are no words to describe what a bliss to live together in such a good place as Tsarskoye". Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Nicholas II, Emperor
Otsup, Adolf
Otsup, Nikolay Avdeyevich

8 January. A.P. Chekhov, as guest, arrived to D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak in Tsarskoye Selo.

The almshouse, in the memory of the merchants Sinebryukhovs, for girls and aged women began to work in Moskovskaya Street. 14 May. The coronation of Emperor Nicholas I took place in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

The Palace electric power station was constructed (architect S.A. Danini). The inner electric equipment was installed by the prominent electric-engineer L.R. Shvede who became the first director of the electric power station. The electric power station began to work on 8 November 1898 (its present address is 3 Tserkovnaya Street).

A.R. Bach took up the post of the architect of the Palace Board. His appartment was placed in the house at the corner of Leontyevskaya Street and Srednyaya Street. А.R. Bach was buried in the Kuzminsky Cemetery, his grave was restored in 2007 .

The autumn. I.F. Annensky, poet and teacher, accepted the offer to take the post as the director of the Tsarskoye Selo Nicholas Man Gymnasium. He received the official appartment at the gymnasium.

Nikolai Nikolayevich Punin, the future art historian, literary critic, teacher, had entered the Nicholas Gymnasium. Valentin Krivich, son of Annensky, graduated from the gymnasium. Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich
Annensky, Valentin Innokentyevich (pseudonym: Valentin Krivich)
Bach Alexander Romanovich
Chekhov Anton Pavlovich
Danini Silvio Amvrosievich
Mamin-Sibiryak (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Punin Nikolay Nikolaevich
Shvede, L.R.

19 January. In the Alexander Palace Nicholas II received the workers deputation after the incident "Bloody Sunday" on 9 January in Petersburg. 50 000 roubles were assigned for the families of suffered men, this was told during the meeting. .

30 January. The Petersburg Governer received the information about the "unruly conduct of soldiers" in Tsarskoye Selo. They went to a street from the barracks and threatened officers and policemen, speaking the "impertinent words against the Emperor". Social Democratic groups were organized by the lower officials of the 1st Railway Battalion and among the wounded men at the Palace hospital.

1 March. The new Orlov water supply system, that used pipes laid from the Orlov springs to the Orlov water tower and then it used the water supply system of Tsarskoye Selo, began to work.

7-11 March. The pupils unrests took place in the Nicholas Gymnasiun after the current events, many pupils were participants of the street demonstrations. Gymnasium pupils, gathered for the rally, pronounced the resolution "…we, as the children of nation, declare the political strike, and our slogan is - Down with death penalty! Down with military coutrs! Down with martial law!". Pupils unrests took place also in the Trade College and the Mariinskaya Gymnasium.

14 April. In the Alexander Palace the Imperial family met with Princess V.I. Gedroitz, a surgeon, she returned from the front of the Russo-Japanese War in Manchuria.
Architect S. Danini constructed the house for the prominent pediatrician К.А. Rauhfus at his country estate near the "To my dear comarades Gates" ( the present address of the house is 2 Parkovaya Street).

In Nizhny Boulevard, the Empress Maria Children Orphanage in the memory of Nikolai, Yelizaveta and Olga Adamovich (philanthropists) with the Orphan Department of Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolayevich was opened in the building, which was special constructed, according to the design of the technician A.V. Druker.

Architect S. Danini constructed the mansion in the Modern style for Count V.V. Gudovich, equerry of the court (its present address is 18 Parkovaya Street )

The city newspaper "Tsarskoye Selo Newspaper" began to published under the editor D.N. Loman, it was published until 29 January 1907 .
28 May. The Nanny School of Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna was opened. The ideas of Doctor K.A. Rauchfus, organizer of the Nanny School, were realized by the architect S.A. Danini during the constructing of school. Emperor Nicholas II was present at the opening of the Nanny School . The Nanny School building was used as the children sanatorium until 1941 ( its present address is 7 Krasnoselskoye Road, school no. 409)

October. The first collection of poems "Way of Conquistadors" by N.S. Gumilyov, a pupil of the Nicholas Gymnasium, was published.

23 November. The great reception, the Emperor awarded 55 servicemen wounded in the Russo-Japanese War, took place on the military ground of the Catherine Palace. 64 officers, 800 servicemen of lower ranks, 45 holders of Order of St. George were present during this ceremony.

Anna Aleksandrovna Vyrubova (nee Taneyeva), a maid of honour of Empress Aleksandra Fiodorovna, settled in the former house of Tepper de Fergusson. Members of the Imperial family and Grigory Rasputin often visited her here. А. Vyrubova lived in this house until 1917 .

1 December. The new city sewerage system and the purification biology station, having the incinerators with electric generators using the hot gas of incinerators, began to operate. Danini Silvio Amvrosievich
Druker Alexander Vasilievich
Gedroits, Vera Ignatyevna, princess
Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich
Loman D.N.
Nicholas II, Emperor
Rasputin Grigory Efimovich
Rauchfus Karl Andreevich
Vyrubova Anna Alexandrovna
Krasnoselskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town
Parkovaya Street/Pushkin, town
Parkovaya Street/Pushkin, town

10 March. The meeting of Nicholas II with Prime Minister P.A. Stolypin after his speech in the Second State Duma meeting on 3 March, where Prime Minister's famous words sounded: "They want great shocks, we want great Russia", took place in the Alexander Palace. Nicholas II has written in his diary "I received Stolypin in the first time after his sucsessful speech in the Duma ("we are not intimidated")".

September. The family of the painters Kardovskys settled in Konyushennaya Street (now it is the house no. 29). The Kardovskys' flat became the centre of attraction of the arts life of Tsarskoye Selo. They were visited by N. Gumilyov, I. Annensky, A. Akhmatova, M. Viloshin, V. Komarovskaya and many others.

The autumn. R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik, a critic, publicist, journalist, specialist in study of literature, settled in the house no. 20 in Kolpinskaya Street.

Children's bones-tuberculosis sanatorium of Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna was opened, it was built on the donations of private persons. Akhmatova Anna Andreevna
Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich
Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich
Ivanov-Razumnik (real name Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov)
Kardovsky Dmitry Nikolaevich
Komarovsky, Vasily Alekseyevich, count
Nicholas II, Emperor
Stolypin Peter Arkadievich
Voloshin Maximillian Alexandrovich
Konyushennaya Street/Pushkin, town
Pushkin, town

Society for the protection of maternity and babies began to work under the management of Professor N.V. Yastrebov in the building of the Maternity Orphanage of Drozhzhina (the present address is 14 Pavlovsky Road).

The Woman Gymnasium of the Ministry of Public Education was opened in the building designed by A.R. Bach on Cathedral Square (its present address is 28 Pushkinskaya Street).

5 January. Priest of the Fiodorovsky Cathedral A. Kedrinsky, the grandfuther of the future honorary citizen of Pushkin Town, the restorer- architect A.A. Kedrinsky, sprinkled by consecrated water, after the water consecration prayer, the private rooms of the Emperor family.

22 February. In honour of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs the competitions in skiing, shooting, fire brigades working, and the football between the Tsarskoye Selo team and the Pavlovsk team and other sport events were organized at the former racecourse on the initiative of the Tsarskoye Selo automobile-sport society.

6 March. In Tsarskoye Selo Nicholas II received Patriarch of Antioch and Metropolitan of Tripoli who arrived with congratulations and gifts on the occasion of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs.

8 March. In the Alexander Palace 30 bankers of Petersburg and Moscow passed Rb 1, 000 million to the Emperor for the charity in the memory of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs.

14 March. In the Alexander Palace, the meeting of the Imperial Russian Historical Society, in honour of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs, took place, scientific papers, devoted to the time of the election of Mikhail Fyodorovich for the Russian throne, were read.

23 March. Delegation of the Lyceum pupils presented the Fiodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God to the Emperial Family on the occasion of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs. 28 May. In the Cave-Temple of the Fiodorovsky Cathedaral, the Prayer of Thanksgiving was performed in the presence of the Imperial Family devoted to their returning after the journey across Russia on the occasion of the Tercetenary of the House of the Romanovs.

Artillery-General Vasily Fyodorovich Bely, a hero of Port Arthur, died in Tsarskoye Selo and was buried in Kazansky cemetery (the grave is preserved) .

23 December. V.N. Voyeikov was appointed the palace commandant ( he was born in Tsarskoye Selo in 1868 ), formerly he was the commander of the Tsarskoye Selo Life-Guard Hussar Regiment (1907-1913 гг.). Major General of Retinue Voyeikov, the palace commandant, headed all constructing works in Tsarskoye Selo.

The famous Russian artist Aleksandr Yakovlevich Golovin settled at the dacha on Srednyaya Street and he lived in the town during the hunger-stricken years of the Civil War. K.S. Stanislavsky, Y.M. Yuryev, A.M. Gorky, L. Leonidov, citizen of Tsarskoe Selo E.F. Gollerbach and others persons visited him in Tsarskoye Selo until his death in 1930.

In the Alexander Park, the "Local Nature Museum" was arranged by V.Moldengauer, the prominent scientist-researcher of forests. Bach Alexander Romanovich
Bely, Vasily Fyodorovich
Golovin Alexander Yakovlevich
Gorky Maxim (Alexey Maximovich Peshkov)
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich
Kedrinsky Alexander Alexandrovich
Kedrinsky, A.
Leonidov, Leonid Mironovich
Moldengauer, Viktor Fyedorovich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Stanislavsky Konstantin Sergeevich
Voyeykov, Vladimir Nikolayevich
Yastrebov, N.V.
Yuryev Yury Mikhailovich
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 14
Pushkinskaya Street/Pushkin, town

2 January. The train collision took place at the railway line linked Peterburg and Tsarskoye Selo. Anna Vyrubova, a maid of honour and close friend of the Empress, was seriosly injured at this disaster. A. Vyrubova was often visited by Grigory Rasputin and members of the Imperial Family at her house in Tserkovnaya Street during her illness.

January. Prince Vladimir Palei, a son of Grand Duck Pavel Aleksandrovich, was conferred the cornet of the Life-Guard Hussar Regiment, and in February, he was sent to the front where he was permanently with the exception of the short leaves. His first collection of poems was published in 1916.

March. The Society for the Revival of Art Russia was organized at the Fiodorovsky Cathedral. D.N. Loman, colonel of the Life-Guard Pavlovsky Regiment, churchwarden of the cathedral, was the organizer of this society ( he was shot by the Bolsheviks in 1918 ). Prince A.A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, an expert on the Old Russian Art, began the chairman of this society. Many representatives of old nobility families, priests, successful merchants became founders of the society. Artists A.M. Vasnetsov, V.M. Vasnetsov, M.V. Nesterov, N.K. Roerich, I.Y. Bilibin, architects A.V.Shchusev, V.V. Suslov, A.N. Pomerantsev and other art persons took part in the work of this society.

5 May. Holder of the Order of St. George N.S. Gumilev was referred to the Catherine Palace hospital for the treatment of the serious cold got at the front.

8 July. Near the Fiodorovsky Cathedral, the public prayer was performed on the gift of victory in the presence of the Imperial Family and participants of the religious processions of Tsarskoye Selo.

3 August. Nicholas II and with his daughters visited the new barracks of the Excort Unit and the building of Officer assemble (architect V.N. Maksimov).
14 August. In the report of S.N. Vilchkovsky, the chief authorized person of the Tsarskoye Selo branch of the Red Cross, to Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna was written: "161 hospitals having 383 beds for officers and 7,858 beds for lower ranks were opened in the district of the Tsarskoye Selo special evacuation point".

18 August. The laying of the wooden church "The Healer of Sorrows" took place at the Communal cemetery to the design of S.Y.Sidorchuk, in 48 days the ready-made church was consecrated in the presence of the Imperial Family. .
This church burnt down during WWII . The military cemetery was destroyed under Soviet rule and there were vegetable gardens of citizens at its place until 2000 .

22 August. Nicholas II decided to take the post of Supreme Commander-in-Chief and he moved to Mogilev Town from Tsarskoye Selo. The Emperor announced his decision at the Corner Drawing Room in the Alexander Palace during the meeting of Coincil of Ministers on 20 August 1915 .

25 October. In Tsarskoye Selo, Nicholas II received the written petition of the St. George Duma of South-West front about awarding the Cross of St.George of 4th degree to him.

The Tsarskoye Selo international radio station began to work.

25 December. In the Manege, the Imperial Family gave presents at the festival with the Christmas tree on the occasion of the Nativity of Christ. 1,200 soldiers of the Tsarskoye Selo garrison took part in the festival.

25 December. Poets S. Esenin and N. Klyuyev visited Gumilev and Akhmatova at the house in Malaya Street. Akhmatova Anna Andreevna
Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Bilibin Ivan Yakovlevich
Esenin Sergey Alexandrovich
Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich
Klyuev Nikolay Alexeevich
Loman D.N.
Maksimov, Vladimir Nikolayevich
Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich
Nicholas II, Emperor
Paley, Vladimir Pavlovich
Pavel Alexandrovich, Grand Prince
Pomerantsev Alexander Nikanorovich
Rasputin Grigory Efimovich
Roerich, Nicholas Konstantinovich
Shchusev Alexey Viktorovich
Shirinsky-Shikhmatov Alexey Alexandrovich
Sidorchuk S.Y.
Suslov Vladimir Vasilievich
Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich
Vyrubova Anna Alexandrovna
Malaya Street/Pushkin, town
Tserkovnaya Street/Pushkin, town

30 January - 8 March. Andrei Bely, a poet and prosaist, stayed at R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik, a literary critic and publicist, in Tsarskoye Selo.

4 February. Niktopolion Svyatsky, a poet and warrior, died in Tsarskoye Selo, he lived in Tsarskoye Selo from 1901. He was buried in the Kuzminskoye cemetery and the inscription was preserved on the grave "The body of the poet-martyr was at rest here, he wrote by his teeth, he lay immovablely for 40 years from the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878…"

10 February. In the Alexander Palace, Nicholas II received the report of M.V. Rodzyanko, the speaker of the State Duma, who appealed to the Tsar to more closely union with bourgeoise before "threatening unrests".

February. A.F. Shorin, a prominent scientist in physics of electromagnetic waves, the future winner of the State Prize (1941), worked as the head of the Tsarskoye Selo radio station ( until 1919) .

19 February. Poet Sergei Esenin red his own poems for participants of the meeting "Society for the Revival of Arts Russia" in the Refectory Chamber of the Fiodorovsky Town

22 February. Nicholas II announced his decision, to Prime Minister N.D. Golitsyn, to go to the Duma and to declare about his agreement on "responsible ministry". However, he changed this decision in the evening and he went, by the night train, to the front from Tsarskoye Selo for the last time.
Ten days remain to live for the Empire.

28 February. The Tsarskoye Selo garrison rose against the tsarism. The disorderly firing was heard in the Alexander Palace. The regiments bands played "Marseillaise". Bolsheviks were initiators of the events. Bolshevik groups, consisted of several men, was organized in the 1st Life-Guard Rifle Regiment and the Railway Regiment

30 February. Six soldiers of the Tsarskoye Selo garrison, who were shot dead during the exchanging of fire, were buried. The communal grave was planed to place at the parade ground by the Catherine Palace. According to the final decision, the communal grave was placed near windows of the Alexander Palace where the Empress with her children lived.

2 March. Emperor Nicholas II abdicated .

8 March. General L.G. Kornilov informed the Empress about the placing the Imperial family under arrest in the Alexander Palace. His Imperial Majesty Escort handed over the protection and abandoned the Alexander Palace at 4 p.m.
The coffin with body of G.Rasputin was dug by soldiers of the Tsarskoye Selo garrison and sent to Petrograd according to the order of A.F. Kerensky.

9 March 11a.m. The train of the former emperor arrived in Tsarskoye Selo. The car drived up to the Emperor Pavilion, then Nicholas II, who was under arrest, took this car and came in the Alexander Palace where he joined with his family
March. There was the dual power in Tsarskoye Selo, the all -social classes "Provisional Committee" worked at the Town Hall Building , and the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet of Workers' and Soldoers' Deputies worked at the building of the Great Hothouse. Bolshevik Nikolai Ivanovich Tatarintsev, a praporshik of the 343rd Novgorod militia unit, quartered in Kuzmino Village, was elected a member of the Soviet.

21 March. A.F. Kerensky arrived in the Alexander Palace, he wanted to see the all tsar family and to present the new commandant of the palace.

9 May. The Reserve Palace of Grand Duke Maria Pavlovna, the widow of Grand Duke Vladimir Aleksandrovich, was expropriated by the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet.

May. V.I. Lenin visited L.B.Krasin, who worked as an engineer at the Palace Electric Power Station and lived in 24 Novaya Street.

May. The Tsarskoye Selo first group of the members of Komsomol (union of the workers youth) was organized under the leadership of M. M. Lyulin.

May- November. Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov, the prominent public figure of the Russian Social-Democratic movement, lived at the wooden house in Glinka Street. In November B. Savinkov visited him here with the proposal to be the leader of the struggle with Bolshevism as the future prime minister and in 31 October, in the appartment of G.V. Plekhanov was carried out a serch organized by the Red Guards . 28 January 1918, Plekhanov, who had suffered from tuberculosis, was sent to the sanatorium in Teroiki and he died there on 30 May.

3, 14 June. The strikes, against the power of the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet, took place in the city with the participation of emploees and workers of the municipal economy and teachers .
5: 45 a.m. 1 August. The tsar family leaved Tsarskoye Selo forever and they went, from the Aleksandrovskaya Station, to Tobolsk by train. Archpriest A.I. Belayev, the senior prist of the Fiodorovsky Cathedral, wrote in his diary "…The Alexander Palace lost its lodgers at a quarter to six… Nobody slept at the night. Night was troubled . The cars were prepared early in the morning, and the all former tsar family, tired by the long anticipation, having said goodbye to their native house with tears, went on the long road, to the overgrown part, to cold Siberia ."

1 October. N.I. Tatarintsev were elected the Chairman of the Tsarskoye Selo Committee of RSDWP(b)( the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (bolshevik) in the Bolshevik Party conference in Smolny. 25 October ( 7 November by the Western calendar ). The milirary uprising organized by Bolsheviks took place in Petrograd. The 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets worked on 25-26 October and the Decrees "On Peace", "On Land", Decree about the forming of the Soviet government were passed at this Congress and then the texts of Decrees were broadcasted by the Tsarskoye Selo radio station. Commissar I.Y. Georgenberger, from Tsarskoye Selo, supported the decisions of the 2nd All - Russian Congress of Soviets.

28 October. Cossack squadrons under the command of General P.N. Krasnov came into Tsarskoye Selo. The Tsarskoye Selo garrison having 16 thousands soldiers did not resist. Headquarters of Krasnov was placed at the service building of the mansion of Grand Duchess Mariya Pavlovna. In the evening American jounalist John Reed came into Tsarskoye Selo, he described the events of these days in his book "Ten Days that Shook the World".

30 October. Cossacks of P.N. Krasnov battled with the Red Guards units and sailors under the command of P.E. Dybenko near Pulkovo. The troops under the command of Krasnov had 630 Cossacks, 18 artillery guns, armoured car, 700 cadets. The Bolsheviks had about 10 thousands soldiers, 10 armoured cars и artillery guns. The Krasnov detachments left Tsarskoye Selo in the evening of 30 October.
In the daytime, citizens, who were frightened by firing and shrapnel explosions, rushed to the Cathedral of St. Sophia to perform the public prayer for stopping the bloodshed. Citizens continued to pray in the evening during the withdrawal of Cossacks. Citizens declared : " We shall fulfill our duties completely! Our brothers leaved us and our brothers come to us ! What shall they do us !" Arrests were began when the Bolsheviks units came into Tsarskoye Selo. On 31 October, Priest Ioann Kochurov was brutally killed after atempting to clarify the meaning of the pray for stopping the fratricide. Father Ioann opened the list of Martyrs for Christ under the new regime.
1 November. The funeral of five soldiers of the Tsarskoye Selo garrison took place in the communal grave in the Alexander Park, their dead bodies were added to the victims of events of 30 February.

12 December. The rare vintages, priced at about 10 millions francs, of the cellars of the palace of Grand Prince Palei were distroyed and robbed according to the order of the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet. Citizens of Tsarskoye Selo scooped the wine with snow from the gutters using buckets, drunk men dragged in the mire along the gutter verges.

27 December. The first steam engine "T" was repaired and transferred for the work by the steam engine maintenance point which was organizes on the basis of the former Emperor railway workshop. This date became the foudation date of the Pushkin Track Repair -Mechanics Plant, socialict enterprise. By 1924 plant repaired 52 steam engines for year .

December. The 2nd common labour school began to work on the basis of the Mariinskaya women gymnasium. Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Bely Andrey (real name Bugaev Boris Nikolaevich)
Belyayev, Afanasy Ivanovich, archpriest
Dybenko Pavel Efimovich
Esenin Sergey Alexandrovich
Georgenberger, I.Ya.
Golitsyn Nikolay Dmitrievich
Ioann Kochurov, Archpriest
Ivanov-Razumnik (real name Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov)
Kerensky Alexander Fedorovich
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich
Krasin Leonid Borisovich
Krasnov Peter Nikolaevich
Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich
Lyulin, M.M.
Nicholas II, Emperor
Plekhanov Georgy Valentinovich
Reed John
Rodzyanko Mikhail Vladimirovich
Savinkov Boris Viktorovich
Shorin Alexander Fedorovich
Svyatsky, Niktopolion Pavlovich
Tatarintsev, Nikolay Ivanovich
Pushkin, town
Pushkin, town