VIELGORSKY MIKHAIL YURYEVICH AND VIELGORSKY MATVEY YURIEVICH, Counts, musicians, patrons of art, brothers ("brothers of harmony"). Born in St. Petersburg. Their father authored drama and musical works, worked as a parlour musician, and became the honorary director of the Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky (1788-1856), composer (The Gypsy opera, two symphonies), pianist and organist, Actual Privy Counsellor (1827). Received an excellent musical education. From 1827, he lived and worked in St. Petersburg; in 1828 he became the Stallmeister of the Court of Grand Princess Elena Pavlovna, and played a key role in A.G. Rubinstein's career, and the Imperial patronage to the Russian Musical Society (RMS). He was also a prominent Mason (Master of Grand Provincial Lodge, adherent of occult sciences). Vielgorsky's musical-artistic salon became the centre of St. Petersburg's musical life. Visiting virtuosos and singers of Italian and Russian operas gave performances there, as well as symphonic concerts: all of L. Beethoven's compositions were performed, R. Schumann conducted, C. Schumann performed F. Mendelssohn's concerto, F. Liszt sight-read and played Ruslan's score for M.I. Glinka. As a member of the Imperial Theatres Board and Stallmeister of the court, Vielgorsky had significant influence on state theatres and appointment of actors to court service. H. Berlioz called his house the "Ministry of Music." Matvey Yurievich Vielgorsky (1794-1866), Stallmeister of the Grand Princess' Court, then of Empress Maria Alexandrovna's Court, Ober-Hofmeister, member of the Imperial Theatres Board, prominent violoncellist, playing solo and in ensembles in his brother's salon, at court, for charitable evenings, and at gatherings of the Concert Society. He associated with J. Field, H. Vieuxtemps, K. Lipinsky, H. Wieniawski, M. Pleiel, A.F. Lvov, and many others. One of the founders and first directors of the Russian Musical Society. Developed a unique collection of stringed instruments, including the quintette by A. Stradivari. In the late 1820s - early 1830s, the Vielgorsky brothers lived at 84 Moika River Embankment, then at 3 Mikhailovskaya Square (today Iskusstv Square) (1833-37), 5 Mikhailovskaya Square (1837-44) and 4 Mikhailovskaya Square (from 1844). The last residence belonged to Matvey Vielgorsky and was known as the Vielgorsky House, an architectural monument to Classicism (1830-32, architect A.M. Bolotov, facade was designed by K.I. Rossi). In the 1830s, E.A. Karamzina (the widow of N.M. Karamzin) lived at the residence, and Alexander Pushkin was a frequent guest. In the middle of the 19th century, A.K. Tolstoy also lived in this house. Today, the building houses the Gymnasium of the Russian Museum. The assembly hall of Vielgorsky's salon was renovated and is now a venue for concerts. The premises have been turned into a small museum dedicated to the Vielgorskys. The Vielgorsky brothers are buried at the cemetery of Alexander Nevsky Lavra (Mikhail in the Lazarevskaya burial vault, Matvey in the Blagoveschenskaya burial vault).

Reference: Щербакова Т. А. Михаил и Матвей Виельгорские: Исполнители. Просветители. Меценаты. М., 1990.

A. L. Porfiryeva.

1794 -01/02/1842
I.F. Vogt had the home education . In 1814 he began to serve as a private of the Azov Infantry Regiment. In 1825 he had a rank of a staff-captain of this regiment.
I.F. Vogt was a member of the South Society (from September 1824).
He was arrested and transported from Tulchin to Petersburg on 13/01/1826, and he was put in prison of the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Vogt was convicted according to 8th grade and he was sentenced to the exile to Siberia for life. He lived in Berezov Town of the Tobolsk Gubernia (1828-1829) and in Kurgan Town where he died.
Memorial Places:

22 March - 3 August 1826, Military -Infantry Hospital ( 1 Bolshoy Sampsonyevsky Prospekt; Saint-Peresburg, 1-3 Pirogovskaya Embankment);
13 January - 22 March; 3-4 August 1826, the Peter and Paul Fortress ( territory of the Peter and Paul Fortress), he was in the confinement.

YUDENICH Nikolay Nikolaevich (1862-1933), military leader, Infantry General (1915). Graduated from the Alexandrovsky Military School (1881) and the Nikolaevskaya General Staff Academy (1887) in St. Petersburg. Participant of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. In 1913-15 Chief of Staff of the Caucasus Military District, in 1915-17 Commander of the Caucasus Army; in 1916 successfully carried out the Ersurum and Trapesund campaigns. In March-April 1917, served as Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasus army. In the autumn of 1918 emigrated to Finland, and later to Estonia, where in June of 1919 entered the North-West Government and took up command of the North-West army, and launched in October-November an offensive on Petrograd, pushed forward to the approach of the city, however failed to seize it and fell back to Estonia (see Defence of Petrograd 1919). In January 1920 he disbanded the army, and then left for Great Britain. Yudenich died in Nice (France).

Reference: Генерал от инфантерии Николай Николаевич Юденич: (К 50-летнему юбилею). Париж, 1931.

D. N. Shilov.

ZEMTSOV Mikhail Grigoryevich (1688-1743, St. Petersburg), architect, graphic artist, theorist of architecture, representative of the early Baroque. He studied at the Armoury Printing House School in Moscow. He worked in St. Petersburg from 1709, first under the supervision of D. Trezzini. From the beginning of the 1720s, he participated in the implementation of planning and construction of a number of buildings in the Summer Garden (including The hall for Glorious Celebrations); the creation of the palace and park ensemble at Peterhof. In the 1730s he was involved in the construction of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. Zemtsov's designs were used in planning Nevsky Prospect, Bolshaya Morskaya and Millionnaya streets. He was the author of the project of the Italian Palace on Fontanka River Embankment (1726-28, has not survived), the SS. Simon&Anna Church, Stroganov Palace on Nevsky Prospect (subsequently rebuilt), Anichkov Palace, the Holy Transfiguration Cathedral and the Cathedral of Prince St. Vladimir (completed after the death of Zemtsov). He was involved in completing the construction of Kunstkammer (the design of gala halls), the buildings of the Department of Stables, and the building of the Twelve Collegia (Peter's Hall of Senate Assemblies). Zemtsov was the author of the altar area of St. Sampson’s Cathedral. Since 1737, he was one of the directors of the Commission on Petersburg Urban Planning, and one of the authors of the General Plan of St. Petersburg for 1737 (see General Plans of Development of St. Petersburg - Leningrad); in collaboration with I.K. Korobov he worked on the first architectural and building code, The Significance of the Architectural Expedition started by P.I. Eropkin. He lived at 46 Nevsky Prospect. He is buried near St. Sampson’s Cathedral. (the tomb stone has not survived).

References: Иогансен М. В. Михаил Земцов. Л., 1975.

В. Г. Исаченко.

ZOSHCHENKO Mikhail Mikhailovich (1895, St. Petersburg - 1958, Sestroretsk), writer. Studied at the Eighth Gymnasium, then at the Faculty of Law of Petersburg University (dismissed for non-payment). In 1915, after finishing special courses of Pavlovsky Military School, he went to the front with the rank of praporschik (awarded four medals, promoted to Staff-Captain). In 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army, was demobilised on account of heart-disease. From 1919 in Petrograd. From the early 1920s he was engaged in literary activities, in 1922 the first book by Zoshchenko, Stories of Nazar Ilych, Mr.Sinebryukhov, was published in Petrograd. His works appeared on the pages of Leningrad journals and newspapers, he also worked in radio. Zoshchenko was a member of Serapion Brothers Literary Group. The 1920s was a period of exceptional prolificacy (collections of short stories Aristocratic Woman and A Merry Life, both published in 1924, Monkeys' Language, 1925, My Dear Citizens, 1926, Who are You Laughing at?!, 1928, etc.) and led to his legendary popularity as a satirist. In 1929-31 his collected works in six volumes were issued in Leningrad. The books Returned Youth (Leningrad, 1933), Blue Book (Moscow; Leningrad, 1935) and others show the evolution of Zoshchenko's artistic methods. In the 1930s he was a member of the board of the Leningrad Department of Union of Writers of the USSR. In 1946 a member of the editorial board of Zvezda. By the resolution of the Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) On the journals Star and Leningrad (1946), he was accused of slandering Soviet reality and expelled from the Union of Writers of the USSR (admitted for the second time in June 1953, but in 1954 he was again persecuted) and for a long time could not publish his works. Zoshchenko masterfully used a unique narration style he created; in his satirical works the speech of city-dwellers is brilliantly imitated. Petrograd-Leningrad (sometimes not named directly) is the scene of many of Zoshchenko 's works, the environment of the development of his typical character who had degenerated in the new social environment and lost connection with time and history. Zoshchenko's main addresses were 37 Maly Avenue of Vasilievsky Island; 64 Sredny Avenue of Vasilievsky Island; 30 Lakhtinskaya Street; 59 Moika River Embankment; 9 Griboedova Canal Embankment, 2/4 Malaya Konyushennaya Street (1934-58, except for the period of evacuation; memorial plaque; in 1992 in this building the Zoshchenko Literary Memorial Museum was opened). From the 1920s he spent a lot of time at his summer residence in Sestroretsk, from 1939 lived at 14a Polevaya Street (the house has not been preserved). Buried at Sestroretskoe cemetery; on his grave a monument was mounted (1995, sculptor V.F. Oneshko). The Central Library of Kurortny District in Sestroretsk bears his name.

References: Вспоминая Михаила Зощенко: Сб. Л., 1990; Старков А. Н. Михаил Зощенко: Судьба художника. М., 1990; Михаил Зощенко: Материалы к творч. биографии. СПб., 1997. Кн. 1.

D. N. Akhapkin.