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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich) hidden Catherine Park (Pushkin town), ensemble | |
CATHERINE PARK (Pushkin town), a monument of landscape architecture and the central part of Tsarskoe Selo palace ensemble. Its consists of a total of 107 hectares The park consists of a grassed and a landscape areas, divided by the Great Pond ... | | CATHERINE PARK (Pushkin town), a monument of landscape architecture and the central part of Tsarskoe Selo palace ensemble. Its consists of a total of 107 hectares The park consists of a grassed and a landscape areas, divided by the Great Pond, formed by damming the Vangazia Brook. The regular Old Park (1717-20s, garden masters Y. Roozen and I. Focht) was laid out on artificial terraces to the north of the pond. There are parterre lawns and flower gardens on the upper terrace near the Catherine park, two small ponds on the next one, and on the lower terrace there are bosquets between the three divergent alley ways, leading to Rybny Canal, behind which, in the so-called Wild Grove, the Hermitage pavilion is situated (1744-54, architect M.G. Zemtsov , F. Rastrelli). The Grotto (Morning Hall) is located on the bank of the pond (1749-61, architect Rastrelli). There are marble sculptures and busts of the early 18th century on the park's paths (masters A. Tarsia, P. Baratta, et al.). Pavilions of the Upper and the Lower Baths were constructed in classical style on the terraces of the garden by projects of architect I.V. Neelov (see the Neelov family) in the late 1770s, and the Hermitage kitchen in the Pseudo-Gothic style at the Wild Grove entrance. The practice of tree trimming was ceased under Empress Catherine II, and the garden lost its regular character. The landscape part of the Catherine Park (1762-96, garden masters J. Bush, T. Ilyin, architect V.I. Neelov) was laid out around the Great Pond, the geometric outlines of which were changed to fit the landscape style, and the following artificial islands were made: the Great Island (with a hall on it, 1794, architect G. Quarenghi), Wild Island, Stone Island, and Rabbit Island. Artificial Cascading Ponds were connected with the Great Pond. Admiralty complex (1773-77, architect V.I. Neelov) is situated on the east bank of the Great Pond. The Column of Morea (1771), Kagul Obelisk (1771-72) and Chesme Column (1774-76) were erected in honour of victories in the Russo-Turkish Wars of the second half of the 18th century in the landscape part of the park by projects of architect A. Rinaldi. In the south part of the Catherine Park the Tower Ruin with a rampart of packed earth (1771-73), the Gothic Gates (1777-80, architect Y.M. Velten), and Gatchina (Orlov) Gates (1777-78, architect Rinaldi). Nearby, located beyond the park boundary, the Crimea Column is situated (1777-85, sculptor G.I. Kozlov). Swan pools with weirs and cascades are located to the southwest of the Great Pond, behind Sibirsky (Palladiev) Bridge (1772-74, architect V. I. Neelov). The Pyramid with a cemetery for dogs of the royal court with Water Laborinth near it are in the same part of the park. In the western part of the Catherine park there is the Ramp Alley and the Granite Terrace (1809, architect L. Rusca), on which copies of Antique sculptures were installed in the 1850s (master A. Hamburger). A path leads down from the terrace to the Milk Maid fountain (1816, engineer A.A. Bethencourt; female statue - sculptor P.P. Sokolov). To the west of the Ramp Alley there are the Upper Ponds, with the Concert Hall on an island with the Kitchen Ruins (1782-88, architect Quarenghi) and the Evening Hall pavilion (1796, architect I.V. Neelov, 1810-11, architect Rusca). the Catherine Park is separated from the Chinese Village by Podkapriznaya Road. In the 19th century the Catherine Park was enriched with: gates "For My Dear Colleagues" (1817, architect V.P. Stasov), the Turkish Baths (the 1850s, architect I.A. Monighetti), the Personal Garden was laid out with marble pergola and a fountain (1865, architect A.F. Vidov). The Regular design of the Old Garden was restored in the 1960-70s (architect N.E. Tumanova). Reference: see Tsarskoe Selo entry. A. A. Alexeev.
Persons Baratta Pietro Bethencourt Avgustin Avgustinovich Bush Joseph (John) Catherine II, Empress Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich Foсht I. Hamburger I.A. Ilyin T. Kozlov Grigory Mikhailovich Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich Neelov Ilya Vasilievich Neelov Vasily Ivanovich Quarenghi Giacomo Rastrelli Francesco de Rinaldi Antonio Roozen Yan Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich) Sokolov Pavel Petrovich Stasov Vasily Petrovich Tarsia Antonio Tumanova Natalia Evgenievna Vidov Alexander Fomich Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich
| | | | hidden Hastie V.I. (1753-1832), architect. | |
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street ... | | Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street. In 1792 he was hired as an architect for the developed of plans for "example" houses approved by the Empress Catherine II. In 1795-99, he served in the south of Russia. In September 1803-February 1805 he was an architect of Izhorsky factories, he projected a number of industrial and administrative buildings, including the building of the factory office (1803-04), the stone factory dyke on the Izhora River (early 19th century, in collaboration with K.K. Gaskoiny). In 1806-18 Politseisky (now Narodny), Krasny, Siny, Potseluev bridges (see respective articles) were built in St. Petersburg to his designs. For the first time in Russian practice, arched bridges made of cast-iron "baskets" (tubings) connected by bolts were constructed. The project of Politseisky Bridge was considered a perfect example and became a standard design. As of 1808, Hastie was the city architect of Tsarskoye Selo, he made a complex plan of its buildings which became the example for provincial Russian towns, and he constructed a complex of the hospital buildings, Murgent's Court, Laundress' Yard, Material Yard, bath houses and residential houses. The following buildings based on his designs can still be seen today: the House for Palace Administration 8 Leontyevskaya Street, 1-3 Srednyaya Street), a building complex for the Police Administration (28 Leontyevskaya Street), the house of Kanobio (15 Leontyevskaya Street). He is the author of albums: Locks, bridges, and houses (1806?), plans for cast-iron bridges on the Moika (1807), buildings for Tsarskoye Selo town (1809), The anthology of facades of His Emperial Majesty approved for private buildings in the cities of the Russian Empire (1809, in collaboration with L. Rusca and V. P. Stasov), Division of city quarters into residential areas (1811), etc. He is buried at Kazanskoye Cemetery in the Tsarskoe Selo (the tombstone has not survived). References: Коршунова М. Ф. Архитектор В. Гесте // Тр. / Гос. Эрмитаж. Л., 1977. № 18. С. 132-143; Соминич Г. Е. Архитектор Василий Иванович Гесте в Царском Селе // На рубеже двух эпох, 1801-1825-1825-1855: Тез. докл. Второй Царскосел. науч. конф. СПб., 1996. С. 53-56; Кузнецов С. О. Вильям Гесте // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX - начало XX века. СПб., 2000. С. 123-131. Л. Д. Бурим.
| | | | hidden The building of the Tsarskoye Selo Military Hospital (Sophia post office) | |
Constructing of a four-storied stone Post Office with stables and sheds in the town of Sophia was made in 1784 to the design of Ch. Cameron. In 1805-1806 it was rebuilt according to L. Rusca’s project under the direction of the brick-master D ... | | Constructing of a four-storied stone Post Office with stables and sheds in the town of Sophia was made in 1784 to the design of Ch. Cameron. In 1805-1806 it was rebuilt according to L. Rusca’s project under the direction of the brick-master D.Visconti. In 1837-1840 the former Post Office rebuilt for needs of the Tsarskoye Selo local hospital of the second class for three hundred patients of lower rank, fifteen doctors and eighty eight people of service personnel. A small public garden with tall trees was laid out on the square in front of the hospital. A landscape garden and service yard with many wings, spread up to Furazhnaya Street, was made inside the yard. At the corner with Gostotalnaya (Hospital) Street there was the stone chapel of the St. Nicholas the Miraclemaker. On Christmas holidays Nicholas II usually visited this hospital and the marshal department delivered Christmas fir-trees and presents for soldiers and officers been in the hospital on behalf of the Emperor. Presents was given by Grand Duchesses come with the Emperor. The School of Lower aircraft crew (ShMAS) was placed here after 1917.
Persons Cameron Charles Nicholas II, Emperor Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)
| | | | hidden The Toboggan Hill with a pavilion (an ensemble of the Catherine Park) | |
The Toboggan Hill with two slopes (they were not survived) was erected in 1754-1756 to the design of F.-B. Rastrelli. The third wooden slope was added by V.I. Neyelov in 1765 ... | The Toboggan Hill with two slopes (they were not survived) was erected in 1754-1756 to the design of F.-B. Rastrelli. The third wooden slope was added by V.I. Neyelov in 1765. The engineering decision of the object was made by the famous inventor and scientist A.K. Nartov, a loyal supporter of Peter I. The Toboggan Hill was located between the Ramp Alley and the Grand Pond shore and it was an “entertaining” park construction. A Russian folk entertainment , tobogganing , was used for fun, but carriages were used instead of sledges. People rolled down in carriages on the metal rails laid on the slope to an island of the Grand Pond. Later in Oraniyenbaum the Toboggan Hill was constructed for Catherine II in accordance with the model of the Tsarskoye Selo one. The fancy Toboggan Hill Pavilion constructed by A. Rinaldi was survived until our days in Oraniyenbaum. In the 20th century toboggan hills of Russian parks were restored for life as side-show “American hills”. The Toboggan Hill of the Catherine Park was dismantled in 1792-1795. In 1809 L. Rusca constructed the Granite Terrace, which is now, on the place of the Toboggan Hill Pavilion.
Persons Catherine II, Empress Nartov Andrey Konstantinovich Neelov Vasily Ivanovich Rastrelli Francesco de Rinaldi Antonio Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)
| | | | hidden V.I. Neelov, I.V. Neelov, P.V. Neelov, architects | |
NEELOV family, a family of architects, representatives of early Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Vasily Ivanovich (1722-82), apprentice of S.I. Chevakinsky and M.G. Zemtsov; from 1744, worked with them and F.B ... | | NEELOV family, a family of architects, representatives of early Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Vasily Ivanovich (1722-82), apprentice of S.I. Chevakinsky and M.G. Zemtsov; from 1744, worked with them and F.B. Rastrelli at the Building Bureau in Tsarskoe Selo. From 1760, architect with the rank of Second Major. Impressed by English park landscaping, during his visit in 1770, designed the landscape part with romantic pavilions of Ekaterininsky Park: the Pyramid Pavilion (1770-71), the Neo-Gothic Admiralty and the Hermitage Kitchen (1774-76), the Chinese Small and Grand Caprices (1770-74, in collaboration with I. Gerard), the Marble (Palladium or Siberian) Bridge in the spirit of Palladio (1772-74). His sons, Ilya Vasilievich (1745-93), graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1770), following his study trip to Italy, where he was elected a member of the Bologna Academy, worked with his father in Tsarskoe Selo, as C. Cameron's assistant (from 1780); designed the Upper Bath and the Lower Bath Pavilions (late 1770s) and the Grand Ducal Wing of the Great Palace (1788-92, later Lyceum) emulating early Neoclassicism, the pseudo-gothic Babolovsky Palace and other. Author of the landscape part of Alexandrovsky Park; Peter Vasilievich (1749-1846), apprenticed to his father and J.-B.Vallin de la Mothe. In 1770-75, studied landscape architecture in England. From 1794, worked in Tsarskoe Selo, completing the existing park ensemble. Designed the Evening Hall (1796, subsequently rebuilt by L. Rusca). Reference: Васильев Б. Л. Архитекторы Нееловы // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XVIII век. СПб., 1997. С. 879-900. T. A. Slavina.
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