The barracks occupies the whole area opposite the Catherine Park and the Admiralty on Parkovaya Street and limited by Kadetsky Boulevard, Krasnoy Zvezdi (Red Star) Street and Ogorodnaya Street. During 1864-1917 building, locating here, occupied by the Fourth Life Guard Rifle Imperial Family Regiment (until 1910 it was a battalion). Soldiers’ barracks of this regiment were placed in two big blocks, built as living buildings in 1783-1785 according to Ch. Cameron’s “ a standard model of a big house” to Sophia Town, the appearance of which is recognized in facades survived until our days. One of buildings was intended for General A.D. Lanskoy and was built by G. Quarenghi on the remade design of Ch. Cameron. After Lanskoy’s death in 1784 his house and grounds were bought by Catherine II from his heirs and got the fame as “Sophia House” of the tsesarevich or the Konstantin Palace because during 1794-1817 the owner of a part of the building (at first 6 windows, then 9 windows from the park side) was Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. A wing for married lower ranks of the Fourth Rifle Regiment was built in the 1790s as the outbuilding of the Konstantin Palace. The other part of the building was occupied by the Tsarskoye Selo Board, the Forestry Institute and the Engineer department of the Military department. Among owners of the second building in the late 18th century and early 19th century there was the Scottish stonemason Lavrenty Stitman, Sophia Town merchant Kirila Lomakin, the collegiate assessor and cavalier Platon Sokolov, the Gzhatsk merchant Yemelyan Cheblokov, Sophia Town merchant Afanasy Yevseyev, English merchant Yegor Eno.
In 1813-1819 both buildings were adapted for the Noble Lyceum boarding school according to the design of the architect V.P. Stasov. In 1824-1829 detached buildings of the boarding school, which was separated by Admiralty Street, were rebuilt again to the design of V.P. Stasov and connected with an one-storied gallery.
In 1831 the Alexander Cadet Corps for juvenile children was placed here. Later only connective block was changed in the building appearance, it was overbuilt with the second floor in 1838-1841 to the design of the architect V.V. Kokorev. During 1859-1863 the Officer Rifle School was temporarily placed here, afterwards soldiers’ barracks of the Fourth Life Guard Rifle Imperial Family Regiment was placed in the building.
In the 1910s, in connection with the increase in the number of riflemen up to four-battalion regiment, an adjoining plot with buildings of the Fifth and Sixth squadrons of the Life Guard Hussar His Emperor Majesty Regiment were joined to the barracks of the imperial riflemen (1850-1857, the 1880s, the buildings were rebuilt for soldiers-riflemen in the 1910s), also new barracks were built. Manezhny Lane, separated barrack complexes, was destroyed at the same time. The auxiliary squadron wings of the Hussar Regiment, mainly built in 1850-1857, were rebuilt for riflemen: barracks of the seventh reserve squadron, barracks and cook-houses of trumpet-player team, a school for soldiers’ children, a wing of married lower ranks, storerooms. Street facades of stable and horse hospital of the Hussar Regiment, rebuilt in the 1910 by the architect V.I. Yakovlev for needs of the Fourth Rifle Regiment, were decorated with many-column porticos in the spirit of the Neo-classicism architecture. Neo-classicism forms and large-scale dimensions were used for decoration of facades of the Officers’ Assembly building with flats for officers of the Fourth Rifle Regiment built in 1913-1914 by the architect V.I. Yakovlev. Also the Battalion building (1912-1914) in Kadetsky Boulevard and the Soldiers’ School (1911-1915) were built in the heart of the barrack complex by V.I. Yakovlev jointly with the architect Ye.O. Konstanovich.
After 1917 units of the Red Army were placed here, from 1948 the High Navy Engineering Colledge named after V.I. Lenin, reorganized in the Navy Engineering Institute in 1999, has been placed here. Cameron Charles
Catherine II, Empress
Kokorev, Vasily Vasilyevich
Konstantin Pavlovich, Grand Prince
Konstantinovich, Yevstafy Iosifovich
Lanskoy Alexander Dmitrievich
Quarenghi Giacomo
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Yakovlev Vsevolod Ivanovich
Kadetsky Boulevard/Pushkin, town
Krasnaya Zvezda Street/Pushkin, town
Ogorodnaya Street/Pushkin, town
Parkovaya Street/Pushkin, town

CATHERINE PALACE (Town of Pushkin), an architectural monument of the Baroque period, compositional centre and dominating architecture of the park and palace ensemble of Tsarskoe Selo. In 1717-1723, on this site a small stone palace of Empress Catherine I (architect I.F. Braunstein) was constructed concurrently with the establishment of the Catherine Park. From 1743, work on the palace extension was started (architect M.G. Zemtsov), after his death work continued under the guidance of architects A.V. Kvasov and S.I. Chevakinsky. From late 1748 - architect F. Rastrelli. In May of 1752, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ordered everything that had been erected earlier to be reconstructed and in 1756 the Catherine Palace was completed. At this stage it consisted only of the western parade court, framed by single-story semicircular buildings - surrounded with splendid wrought railings with gilded details and gates along the central axis of the palace. The facades are decorated with moulded figures of caryatids, cartouche, masks (sculptor I. F. Dunker), marked with ochre colour against the turquoise background (up to the 1770s, the stucco work was gilded). Originally the front staircase was in the south section of the Catherine Palace, on the second floor were also located the "Golden Enfilade", comprising of five "antechambers", double tiered Grand Hall and a number of sitting rooms, their fretwork above the doors created an impression of a gold stream. Among the interiors is the Amber Room. The length of the Catherine palace's facades is over 325 metres. The central part of the building (The Middle House) has retained the parameters of the palace of Catherine I. The side wings that replaced the original open terrace unite the central part with the wings: to the north there is a church (1779-84, architect I.V. Neelov) and to the south - Zubovsky (1778-1784, architect Y.M. Felten). Under Catherine II, in the 1780s, new interiors were added according to the designs of C. Cameron: the Arabesque and the Lyon sitting rooms, the Silver Study and others in the south part of the Catherine Palace, the rooms of the Grand Prince Pavel Petrovich (the Green dining-room, the Bedchamber and others) in the northern part. To the south-eastern side of the Catherine Palace the complex of the so-called Cameron Gallery, the Cold Bath (Agate Pavilion), the hanging garden and the ramp (1780-87; 1792-94) are united. In 1817-20, and in the 1840s architect V.P. Stasov made some changes in the palace's interiors, in 1860-63 architect I. A. Monighetti (Chinese front staircase in the central part). Since 1918, the Catherine Palace has been a palace-museum, in 1941-44, it was practically levelled, restoration following the project of architect A.A. Kedrinsky was launched in 1957. Restoration works continue up to the present. See also "Tsarskoe Selo" article.

A. A. Alexeev. Braunstein Johann Friedrich
Cameron Charles
Catherine I, Empress
Catherine II, Empress
Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich
Dunker Johann Franz
Elizaveta Petrovna, Empress
Felten Yury (Georg Friedrich) Matveevich
Kedrinsky Alexander Alexandrovich
Kvasov Andrey Vasilievich
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Neelov Ilya Vasilievich
Paul (Pavel) I, Emperor
Rastrelli Francesco de
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich

Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street. In 1792 he was hired as an architect for the developed of plans for "example" houses approved by the Empress Catherine II. In 1795-99, he served in the south of Russia. In September 1803-February 1805 he was an architect of Izhorsky factories, he projected a number of industrial and administrative buildings, including the building of the factory office (1803-04), the stone factory dyke on the Izhora River (early 19th century, in collaboration with K.K. Gaskoiny). In 1806-18 Politseisky (now Narodny), Krasny, Siny, Potseluev bridges (see respective articles) were built in St. Petersburg to his designs. For the first time in Russian practice, arched bridges made of cast-iron "baskets" (tubings) connected by bolts were constructed. The project of Politseisky Bridge was considered a perfect example and became a standard design. As of 1808, Hastie was the city architect of Tsarskoye Selo, he made a complex plan of its buildings which became the example for provincial Russian towns, and he constructed a complex of the hospital buildings, Murgent's Court, Laundress' Yard, Material Yard, bath houses and residential houses. The following buildings based on his designs can still be seen today: the House for Palace Administration 8 Leontyevskaya Street, 1-3 Srednyaya Street), a building complex for the Police Administration (28 Leontyevskaya Street), the house of Kanobio (15 Leontyevskaya Street). He is the author of albums: Locks, bridges, and houses (1806?), plans for cast-iron bridges on the Moika (1807), buildings for Tsarskoye Selo town (1809), The anthology of facades of His Emperial Majesty approved for private buildings in the cities of the Russian Empire (1809, in collaboration with L. Rusca and V. P. Stasov), Division of city quarters into residential areas (1811), etc. He is buried at Kazanskoye Cemetery in the Tsarskoe Selo (the tombstone has not survived).

References: Коршунова М. Ф. Архитектор В. Гесте // Тр. / Гос. Эрмитаж. Л., 1977. № 18. С. 132-143; Соминич Г. Е. Архитектор Василий Иванович Гесте в Царском Селе // На рубеже двух эпох, 1801-1825-1825-1855: Тез. докл. Второй Царскосел. науч. конф. СПб., 1996. С. 53-56; Кузнецов С. О. Вильям Гесте // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XIX - начало XX века. СПб., 2000. С. 123-131.

Л. Д. Бурим.

Constructing of a four-storied stone Post Office with stables and sheds in the town of Sophia was made in 1784 to the design of Ch. Cameron. In 1805-1806 it was rebuilt according to L. Rusca’s project under the direction of the brick-master D.Visconti. In 1837-1840 the former Post Office rebuilt for needs of the Tsarskoye Selo local hospital of the second class for three hundred patients of lower rank, fifteen doctors and eighty eight people of service personnel. A small public garden with tall trees was laid out on the square in front of the hospital. A landscape garden and service yard with many wings, spread up to Furazhnaya Street, was made inside the yard. At the corner with Gostotalnaya (Hospital) Street there was the stone chapel of the St. Nicholas the Miraclemaker. On Christmas holidays Nicholas II usually visited this hospital and the marshal department delivered Christmas fir-trees and presents for soldiers and officers been in the hospital on behalf of the Emperor. Presents was given by Grand Duchesses come with the Emperor. The School of Lower aircraft crew (ShMAS) was placed here after 1917. Cameron Charles
Nicholas II, Emperor
Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)

The building, being the central place in the complex of Cameron’s Thermae, was built by Ch. Cameron for Catherine II in 1780-1788. Sculptors J.D. Rashett and K. Goffert, masters of jasper-cutting V.Davydov and V. Balakshin, the master of carving and gilding J.B. Sharlemann took part in works. In the ground floor the architect reproduced the planning of the thermae of the Roman Emperor Constantin . There was a hot bath with a sweating-room and resting room (Kaldariy), a warm bath (tepidariy), a room for doing massage as well as rooms for heating water and rooms for servants. The building was named the Cold Bath according to the antique frigidary with a swimming-pool. The Agate Rooms Pavilion or Agate Rooms of the second floor got the name because of walls which were faced by so called “meat agate” (on the olden days red-brown Urazovsky jasper was called “meat agate”). Moreover the pavilion’s rich decoration includes artificial and natural marble, sculpture and modelling, painting, gilded bronzes, marvelous parquet floors. Such combination used in the interiors decoration ,walls were faced by the set of multicolored jasper plates approached on the color and drawing, was named as the Russian mosaic. Balakshin, V.
Cameron Charles
Catherine II, Empress
Charlemagne, J.-B.
Davydov, V.
Hoffert K.
Rachette Jean-Dominique
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town

TSARSKOE SELO (Pushkin town), a monument of town-planning and a palace and park ensemble dating from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century. The core of the ensemble is the estate of Empress Catherine I Sarskaya Myza (founded in 1710). To the north of the Catherine Palace, is the Church of the Holy Sign (1734-46, architects M.Y. Blank, M.G. Zemtsov). In 1752-53, the ensemble of "cavaliers' houses" (4, 6, 10, 12 Sadovaya Street; architect S.I. Chevakinsky) was developed along the north fence of the Catherine Park and Lower Stables (building 18, 20; 1756-62, architects F. Rastrelli, Chevakinsky), Hothouses (building 14; 1750s, architect Rastrelli; reconstructed in 1820-28 by architect V.P. Stasov) and the so-called "stables of the horses on duty" (building 8; 1822-24, architect Stasov) were adjoined to the ensemble. In the middle of the 18th century, the development of the territory continued along Litseisky Lane (building 5 - choristers' wing, 1752-53) and Srednaya Street (building 1 and 3 - houses of the Palace Administration, 1744) - all designed by Chevakinsky. The formation of the palace settlement was interrupted in 1783, when the place for the new town Sofia was chosen to the south-east of the Catherine Park; its plan (architect C. Cameron) was to become a model for all major provincial towns of the Russian Empire. But the project was not implemented to the full and in 1808 the town was abolished (the Holy Wisdom Cathedral and Kazanskoe Cemetery have preserved); later, the territory was built up with quarters and barracks where the Life Guard Hussar Regiment, Riflemen Regiment, Cuirassier Regiment and Artillery School were quartered. The planning of Tsarskoe Selo features regular lay-out formed by perpendicular streets. The centre is the rectangular Sobornaya Square (1808, architect V.I. Hastie) with facades of the Municipal Government and Fire Department (28, 32 Leontyevskaya Street; 1821, architects V.I. Hastie, V.P. Stasov) and Gostiny dvor (25 Moskovskaya Street; 1863-66, architect N.S. Nikitin). St. Catherine's Cathedral (1835-40, architect K.A. Ton) was demolished in 1939. Until the early 20th century, the development was confined to Bulvarnaya Street (today Oktyabrsky Boulevard). The considerable part of Tsarskoe Selo is occupied with the Catherine Park, Alexander Park, Babolovsky Park, Separate Park with Colonists' Pond (along Pavlovskoe Freeway, laid out in 1824-25, architect A.A. Menelas; 1839-47, masters F.F. Lyamin, I.F. Piper; partially replanned in the mid-19th century by architect A.F. Vidov and in the early 20 century by architect S.A. Danini), and Lyceum Garden (1819, architect A.A. Menelas, replanned in 1849, architect D.E. Efimov) with the monument to Alexander Pushkin (1900, sculptor R.P. Bach), the summer residence of M.V. Kochubey (Spare, or Vladimirsky Palace) at 22 Sadovaya Street (1817-18, architect Stasov); the summer residence of Z.I. Yusupova (10-12 Pavlovskoe Freeway; 1856-59, architect I.A. Monighetti), the summer residence of Grand Prince Boris Vladimirovich (11 Moskovskoe Freeway; 1896-97, Maple English firm; 1899, architect A.I. von Gogen). In the early 20th century, in the north of Tsarskoe Selo (Akademichesky Avenue) an ensemble was created that included Feodorovsky Settlement; the Imperial garages (1906-07, architect S.A. Danini, 1913-15, architect A.K. Minyaev); quarters of His Imperial Majesty Escort (1916, architect V.N. Maximov); Tsar's Pavilion of the railway station (1912, architect V.A. Pokrovsky). During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, the ensemble of Tsarskoe Selo suffered severe damage. In the course of post-war restoration work, main constituents and focuses of pre-revolutionary architecture have been preserved.

References: Ласточкин С. Я., Рубежанский Ю. Ф. Царское Село - резиденция российских монархов: Архит. и воен.-ист. очерк. 2-е изд., доп. и перераб. СПб., 2000.

Y. M. Piryutko. Blank Ivan (Jogann)Yakovlevich
Cameron Charles
Catherine I, Empress
Chevakinsky Savva Ivanovich
Rastrelli Francesco de
Stasov Vasily Petrovich
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich
Akademichesky Avenue/Pushkin, town
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 32
Leontievskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 28
Litseisky Lane/Pushkin, town, house 5
Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 25
Moskovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 11
Oktyabrsky Boulevard/Pushkin, town
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 10
Pavlovskoe Freeway/Pushkin, town, house 12
Pushkin, town
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 22
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 6
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 4
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 18
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 14
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 12
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 8
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 20
Sadovaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 10
Srednaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 3
Srednaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 1

NEELOV family, a family of architects, representatives of early Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Vasily Ivanovich (1722-82), apprentice of S.I. Chevakinsky and M.G. Zemtsov; from 1744, worked with them and F.B. Rastrelli at the Building Bureau in Tsarskoe Selo. From 1760, architect with the rank of Second Major. Impressed by English park landscaping, during his visit in 1770, designed the landscape part with romantic pavilions of Ekaterininsky Park: the Pyramid Pavilion (1770-71), the Neo-Gothic Admiralty and the Hermitage Kitchen (1774-76), the Chinese Small and Grand Caprices (1770-74, in collaboration with I. Gerard), the Marble (Palladium or Siberian) Bridge in the spirit of Palladio (1772-74). His sons, Ilya Vasilievich (1745-93), graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1770), following his study trip to Italy, where he was elected a member of the Bologna Academy, worked with his father in Tsarskoe Selo, as C. Cameron's assistant (from 1780); designed the Upper Bath and the Lower Bath Pavilions (late 1770s) and the Grand Ducal Wing of the Great Palace (1788-92, later Lyceum) emulating early Neoclassicism, the pseudo-gothic Babolovsky Palace and other. Author of the landscape part of Alexandrovsky Park; Peter Vasilievich (1749-1846), apprenticed to his father and J.-B.Vallin de la Mothe. In 1770-75, studied landscape architecture in England. From 1794, worked in Tsarskoe Selo, completing the existing park ensemble. Designed the Evening Hall (1796, subsequently rebuilt by L. Rusca).

Reference: Васильев Б. Л. Архитекторы Нееловы // Зодчие Санкт-Петербурга, XVIII век. СПб., 1997. С. 879-900.

T. A. Slavina.