| | -
hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Zoschenko Mikhail Mikhailovich hidden Akhmatova A.A. (1889-1966), poet | |
AKHMATOVA Anna Andreevna (nee Gorenko) (1889-1966), poet, Honorary Doctor of Oxford University (1965). She spent her childhood (until 1905) in Tsarskoe Selo (the corner of Shirokaya Street and Bezymyanny Lane ... | | AKHMATOVA Anna Andreevna (nee Gorenko) (1889-1966), poet, Honorary Doctor of Oxford University (1965). She spent her childhood (until 1905) in Tsarskoe Selo (the corner of Shirokaya Street and Bezymyanny Lane, the house and the lane have not been preserved, today Vokzalnaya Square), studied at Mariinskaya School (17 Leontievskaya Street, memorial plaque), at Kiev High Women’s Courses (1908-10). After marriage (in 1910-18 she married N.S. Gumilev) she settled in Tsarskoe Selo again, and had been living mainly there until 1916 (Malaya Street, the house has not been preserved, today lot of house 57); in 1914-17 she lived also in Petersburg (17 Tuchkov Lane). In 1911 she joined the Poets' Guild and became the major representative of the acmeism trend; collections of verses Evening (1912), Rosary (1914), The White Flock (1917), Plantain (1921), Anno Domini MCMXXI (1922) were reprinted many times. Akhmatova herself was a bright figure of St. Petersburg (Petrograd) literaterary life, frequent sitter of painters, and addressee of many poetic dedications. Akhmatova was one of the authors and the brightest examples of Petersburg text of Russian literature (V.N. Toporov). St. Petersburg of the early 20th century and Tsarskoe Selo were not only background but also a constant hero of Akhmatova's lyrics (In Tsarskoe Selo, Verses about Petersburg, A Statue from Tsarskoe Selo, Leningrad in the March of 1941, Ode of Tsarskoe Selo, Pushkin's Town, and others); many of her memorial notes are devoted to them. The image of St. Petersburg - Leningrad changed in Akhmatova's works in due course: a number of significant details shading subjacent novel themes of the early lyrics; horrible reality of the terror of the 1930s and the Siege (Requiem, verses of Wind of War cycle); historical descriptions and histriosophic insights of the 1940-60s (key role of the city in Poem Without a Hero). Many addresses of Akhmatova are at Fontanka River Embankment: № 18, autumn 1921 to autumn 1923; № 2, 1924; № 34 (south wing of Fontanny Dom, - see Sheremetev Palace, from 1989 - Memorial Museum of A.A. Akhmatova; memorial plaque) - 1918-20, 1926-52 (with intervals), or close to Fontanka: the spring of 1921 - 7 Sergeevskaya Street (today Tchaikovskogo Street); 1919-25 (periodically) 5 Millionnaya Street (servant's corps of the Marble Palace). In 1941-44 Akhmatova was in evacuation in Tashkent. In 1946 she became (together with M.M. Zoshchenko) an object of shattering criticism in a resolution of Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party about Zvezda and Leningrad journals, was excluded from the Union of Writers. In 1952-61 she lived at 4 Krasnoy Konnitsy Street (today Kavalergardskaya); then at 34 Lenina Street. After the War she spent a lot of time in Moscow and Komarovo at a summer cottage of the Literature Foundation (the so called “Booth” at 3/5 Osipenko Street). She was awarded Etna Taormina International Literature Prize (Italy, 1964). She died in Domodedovo, near Moscow. She was buried at Komarovskoe Cemetery. There is a monument of Akhmatova in the yard of gymnasium № 209 (8 Vosstaniya Street). Former Vokzalnaya Street in Pushkin was renamed to Akhmatovskaya Street for her 100 anniversary. References: Топоров В. Н. Петербург и петербургский текст русской литературы: (Введение в тему) // Топоров В. Н. Миф. Ритуал. Символ. Образ: Исслед. в области мифопоэтического: Избранное. М., 1995. С. 259-367; Попова Н. И., Рубинчик О. Е. Анна Ахматова и Фонтанный дом. СПб., 2000; Бунатян Г. Г. Город муз: Лит. памят. места г. Пушкина. СПб., 2001. С. 347-365; Вербловская И. С. Горькой любовью любимый: Петербург Анны Ахматовой. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. СПб., 2003. T. M. Dvinyatina.
| | | | hidden Tolstoy A.N. (1882-1945), writer | |
TOLSTOY Alexey Nikolaevich (1882-1945), count, writer, publicist, public figure, fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). He studied at еру St. Petersburg Technological Institute (1901-07, without receiving a degree) ... | | TOLSTOY Alexey Nikolaevich (1882-1945), count, writer, publicist, public figure, fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). He studied at еру St. Petersburg Technological Institute (1901-07, without receiving a degree). He started as a poet (Lyrics collection of poems, which imitated the poetry of the symbolists, published in St. Petersburg in 1907), but soon turned to prose (his first story The Old Tower was published in the Niva journal in 1908), which brought him success. His early works include: literary adaptation of folklore subjects in the Magpie Tales collection, 1910; stories based on the life of his native Samara province in the book Narratives and Stories, 1910, also known as Zavolzhye etc.). Tolstoy became an active member of the literary groups of St. Petersburg, frequented Ivanov's Wednesdays and contributed to various St. Petersburg periodicals. In 1913-16 he was in St. Petersburg - Petrograd on flying visits, relocated to Petrograd in 1923, and finally moved to Detskoe Selo in 1928. Among the visitors of his Wednesdays were V.Y. Shishkov, O.D. Forsh, B.A. Lavrenev, M.M. Zoschenko, P.E. Schegolev, K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, A.F. Ioffe among others. The works of Tolstoy are distinguished with a vast variety of themes and genres: while in Leningrad and Detskoe Selo, he wrote the science-fiction novel The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin (1925-26); the first two books of the novel Peter the Great (1930, 1934; the Stalin Prize of 1941), which was one of the most important works of Tolstoy, dedicated to the issues of Russian state system and historical progress, politically topical in the 1930s; The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino, the fairy tale for children whose popularity never fades (1935) etc. The reality of St. Petersburg life is portrayed in many works of Tolstoy (trilogy The Road to Calvary, 1921-41; play The Conspiracy of the Empress, 1926, written together with Schegolev etc.). From 1938 he lived in Moscow. Tolstoy was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and in 1946, posthumously. In 1907-10 he lived at 35 Tavricheskaya Street; in 1910-12 he resided at 147 Nevsky Prospect; in 1925-28 he lived at 3 Zhdanovka River Embankment; while in Detskoe Selo (Pushkin), in 1928-30 he lived at 8/13 Moskovskaya Street and at 6 Proletarskaya Street (present-day Tserkovnaya) in 1930-38. Tolstoy's name was attached to a boulevard in the town of Pushkin. References: Воспоминания об А. Н. Толстом: Сб. М., 1982; Бунатян Г. Г. Город муз: Лит. памят. места г. Пушкина. СПб., 2001. С. 309-326; Петелин В. В. Жизнь Алексея Толстого: "Красный граф". М., 2001. D. N. Cherdakov.
| | | | hidden Zoshchenko M.M. (1894-1958), writer | |
ZOSHCHENKO Mikhail Mikhailovich (1895, St. Petersburg - 1958, Sestroretsk), writer. Studied at the Eighth Gymnasium, then at the Faculty of Law of Petersburg University (dismissed for non-payment) ... | | ZOSHCHENKO Mikhail Mikhailovich (1895, St. Petersburg - 1958, Sestroretsk), writer. Studied at the Eighth Gymnasium, then at the Faculty of Law of Petersburg University (dismissed for non-payment). In 1915, after finishing special courses of Pavlovsky Military School, he went to the front with the rank of praporschik (awarded four medals, promoted to Staff-Captain). In 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army, was demobilised on account of heart-disease. From 1919 in Petrograd. From the early 1920s he was engaged in literary activities, in 1922 the first book by Zoshchenko, Stories of Nazar Ilych, Mr.Sinebryukhov, was published in Petrograd. His works appeared on the pages of Leningrad journals and newspapers, he also worked in radio. Zoshchenko was a member of Serapion Brothers Literary Group. The 1920s was a period of exceptional prolificacy (collections of short stories Aristocratic Woman and A Merry Life, both published in 1924, Monkeys' Language, 1925, My Dear Citizens, 1926, Who are You Laughing at?!, 1928, etc.) and led to his legendary popularity as a satirist. In 1929-31 his collected works in six volumes were issued in Leningrad. The books Returned Youth (Leningrad, 1933), Blue Book (Moscow; Leningrad, 1935) and others show the evolution of Zoshchenko's artistic methods. In the 1930s he was a member of the board of the Leningrad Department of Union of Writers of the USSR. In 1946 a member of the editorial board of Zvezda. By the resolution of the Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) On the journals Star and Leningrad (1946), he was accused of slandering Soviet reality and expelled from the Union of Writers of the USSR (admitted for the second time in June 1953, but in 1954 he was again persecuted) and for a long time could not publish his works. Zoshchenko masterfully used a unique narration style he created; in his satirical works the speech of city-dwellers is brilliantly imitated. Petrograd-Leningrad (sometimes not named directly) is the scene of many of Zoshchenko 's works, the environment of the development of his typical character who had degenerated in the new social environment and lost connection with time and history. Zoshchenko's main addresses were 37 Maly Avenue of Vasilievsky Island; 64 Sredny Avenue of Vasilievsky Island; 30 Lakhtinskaya Street; 59 Moika River Embankment; 9 Griboedova Canal Embankment, 2/4 Malaya Konyushennaya Street (1934-58, except for the period of evacuation; memorial plaque; in 1992 in this building the Zoshchenko Literary Memorial Museum was opened). From the 1920s he spent a lot of time at his summer residence in Sestroretsk, from 1939 lived at 14a Polevaya Street (the house has not been preserved). Buried at Sestroretskoe cemetery; on his grave a monument was mounted (1995, sculptor V.F. Oneshko). The Central Library of Kurortny District in Sestroretsk bears his name. References: Вспоминая Михаила Зощенко: Сб. Л., 1990; Старков А. Н. Михаил Зощенко: Судьба художника. М., 1990; Михаил Зощенко: Материалы к творч. биографии. СПб., 1997. Кн. 1. D. N. Akhapkin.
| | | | hidden | | |
Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy with his family moved into the house of Vuich located in 6 Proletarskaya Street (now it is Tserkovnaya (Church) Street). In this house Tolstoy worked on the novels "Pyotr I" (Peter the First") ... | | Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy with his family moved into the house of Vuich located in 6 Proletarskaya Street (now it is Tserkovnaya (Church) Street). In this house Tolstoy worked on the novels "Pyotr I" (Peter the First"), "Chernoye zoloto" ("the Black Gold"), the trilogy of novels "Khozhdeniye po mukam", consisting of "Sestry" (“Sisters”), "Vosemnadtsaty god" (“The Year 1918”), and "Khmuroe utro" (“A Gloomy Morning”), wrote the story "Gobelen Marii-Antuanetti" ("The Tapestry of Marie-Antoinette"), the tale "Zolotoy Klyuchik" ("The Golden key"), the libretto for Yu. Shaporin's opera "Dekabristi" ("Decembrists"), started the work on "Oborona Tsaritsina" ("The Defence of Tsaritsin"). He lived and worked here untill his departure to Moscow in 1938. The house of A.N. Tolstoy, the centre of the cultural life of Detskoye Selo of the 1930s, was visited by writers V.A. Rozhdestvensky, V.M. Inber, V.Ya. Shishkiv, O.D. Forsh, I.A. Andronikov, L.V. Nikulin, B.A. Lavrenev, M.M. Zoshchenko, the literary critic P.Ye. Shchegolev, artists G.S. Ulanova, Ye.I. Time, V.I. Kachalov, N.V. Pevtsov, M.F. Monakhov, the painter K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, composers Yu.A. Shaporin, V.M. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, D.D. Shostakovich, conductors A.V. Gauk, A.Sh. Melik-Pashayev, scientists A.F. Ioffe, A.M. Bonch-Bruyevich, L.D. Landau. During 1933-1934 A.N. Tolstoy was a deputy of the Detskoye Selo District Soviet, his articles were often published on pages of the district newspaper "Bolshevistskoye slovo" ("Bolsheviks' Word"). Repairing excavators was mastered in the Stream Locomotive Repair Base named after Uritsky (PPRMZ) under the direction of the talented engineer Vladimir Ivanovich Shkvokhin, who became the director of plants "Remputmash" of the Ministry of Transport.
Persons Andronnikov Irakly Luarsabovich Bogdanov-Berezovsky Valerian Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Alexandrovich Forsh Olga Dmitrievna Gauk Alexander Vasilievich Inber Vera Mikhailovna Ioffe Abram Fedorovich Kachalov (the real surname is Shverubovich), Vasily Ivanovich Landau Lev Davydovich Lavrenev Boris Andreevich Melik-Pashayev, Aleksandr Shamilyevich Monakhov Nikolay Fedorovich Nikulin Lev Veniaminovich Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich Pevtsov Illarion Nikolaevich Rozhdestvensky Vsevolod Alexandrovich Shaporin Yury Alexandrovich Shchegolev Pavel Eliseevich Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Shkvokhin, Vladimir Ivanovich Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich Time Elizaveta Ivanovna Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich Ulanova Galina Sergeevna Zoschenko Mikhail Mikhailovich
Addresses Tserkovnaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 6
| | | | hidden | | |
3 March. The district newspaper "Bolshestskoye slovo" ("Bolshevik Word") was founded, on 3 February 1953 it was renamed the newspaper "Vpered" ("Forward") and on 1993 it was renamed "Tsarskoselskaya Gazeta" ("The Tsarskoye Selo Newspaper") ... | | 3 March. The district newspaper "Bolshestskoye slovo" ("Bolshevik Word") was founded, on 3 February 1953 it was renamed the newspaper "Vpered" ("Forward") and on 1993 it was renamed "Tsarskoselskaya Gazeta" ("The Tsarskoye Selo Newspaper"). April. The writer Aleksey Tolstoy moved from Detskoye Selo to Moscow and handed down his house in Proletarskaya street to Leningrad writers for opening the House of the Creative Work of Literary Persons. I.G. Erenburg, B.A. Lavrenev, N.S. Tikhonov, K.I. Chukovsky, N.N. Nikitin, M.M. Zoshcheko, V.A. Kaverin, B.M. Eyhenbaum, A.R. Belyayev, Yu.N. Tynyanov, A.P. Shteyn, M.P. Lozinsky, the historian E.V. Tarle rested and worked here. The summer. The fantast-writer A.P. Belyayev with his family dwelled again in the house behind the Cinema "Avangard" in 1 May Street (now it is Konyushennaya Street).
Persons Belyaev Alexander Romanovich Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich Eichenbaum Boris Mikhailovich Erenburg, Iliya Grigoryevich Kaverin Veniamin Alexandrovich Lavrenev Boris Andreevich Lozinsky Mikhail Leonidovich Nikitin Nikolay Nikolaevich Shtein, Aleksandr Petrovich Tarle Evgeny Viktorovich Tikhonov Nikolay Semenovich Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich Tynyanov Yury Nikolaevich Zoschenko Mikhail Mikhailovich
Addresses Konyushennaya Street/Pushkin, town
| | | | | |
