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hidden Persons of Tsarskoye Selo -
hidden Monuments of history and culture | Shishkov Alexander Semenovich hidden Bely Andrey (1880-1934), writer | |
BELY Andrey (real name and family name Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (1880-1934), writer. He graduated from the Natural Sciences Department of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University (1903) ... | | BELY Andrey (real name and family name Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev) (1880-1934), writer. He graduated from the Natural Sciences Department of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University (1903). He was published for the first time in 1901, and was an adherent of the so-called young symbolists. From 1905 he regularly visited St. Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo; visited Ivanov's Wednesdays, Merezhkovsky's Salon. He was published in The World of Art, New Way and other journals. He was greatly influenced by Alexander Blok (he started correspondence in 1903, was personally acquainted in 1904), friendship with him endured heavy and painful trials, caused by the love of Bely to Block's wife - L.D. Blok. He delivered reports in Tenishevsky School, The Society for Lovers of Artistic Writing (took place at the Apollo journal editing board), etc. Bely's novel Petersburg (1-3 volumes of Sirin Petersburg publishing house, 1913-14; as a separate edition - Petersburg, 1916) was an attempt of an integral description of the city based on the so-called Petersburg text created by the preceding literary traditions and 200-year old mythology of St. Petersburg. The confrontation of European rationalism and Asian anarchy is depicted in the image of St. Petersburg in the novel, which is characterised above all by the exactness of indications to concrete places of the city. The global crisis of the historical development of Russia is reflected in a terrifying absurdity of apocalyptic Petersburg space depicted in the novel. He was a participant and editor of Scythes volume. He was one of the founders and chairs of the Free Philosophic Association Soviet in Petersburg (1919-21). He was closely associated with Alkonost publishing house. In 1931 he lived twice for a long period at R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik's in Detskoe Selo, where he was associated with V.Y. Shishkov, A.N. Tolstoy, K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, and others. Bely's recollections, The Beginning of the Century (Moscow; Leningrad, 1933), Between Two Revolutions (Leningrad, 1934) has a broad description of St. Petersburg - Petrograd culture life. He lived at 24 Liteiny Avenue (1905); 66 Nevsky Prospect (1905-06); 35 Tavricheskaya Street (1912; 1920-21), in The House of Arts (1920); in Tsarskoe Selo (Pushkin) - at 20 Kolpinskaya Street (1917). References: Миронова М. Г. Урбанистическая концепция в романе А. Белого Петербург // Литературные произведения XVIII-XX веков в историческом и культурном контексте. М., 1985. С. 106-115; Долгополов Л. К. Андрей Белый и его роман Петербург. Л., 1988; Лавров А. В. Андрей Белый в 1900-е годы: Жизнь и лит. деятельность. М., 1995. D. N. Akhapkin, D.N. Cherdakov.
| | | | hidden Shishkov V.Y. (1873-1945), writer | |
SHISHKOV Vyacheslav Yakovlevich (1873-1945), writer. In 1891 he graduated from Vyshny Volochek technical school. He started to publish his works from 1908, although he personally considered his literary debut to have occurred in 1912 ... | | SHISHKOV Vyacheslav Yakovlevich (1873-1945), writer. In 1891 he graduated from Vyshny Volochek technical school. He started to publish his works from 1908, although he personally considered his literary debut to have occurred in 1912, when Zavety journal published his story They Have Prayed; that was also the time when he first visited St. Petersburg and met Ivanov-Razumnik, A.M. Remizov and other writers. In the winter of 1914 he met M. Gorky in St. Petersburg. A year later he moved to Petrograd to serve at the Ministry of Transport Communications. In 1916 he published his first major work Taiga in Letopis journal. From 1917 he had devoted himself exclusively to literary activity. He used to travel much; in 1927-41 he lived in Detskoe Selo (Pushkin), where he worked on his narrative The Wanderers (Leningrad, 1932), novel Ugryum-River (came out in a separate edition in Leningrad, 1933), the first part of the novel Emelyan Pugachev ( Leningrad, 1941 separate edition; the Stalin Prize of 1946, for all three volumes). The latter novel, in particular, vividly portrays the life of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 18th century. Shishkov's Fridays were attended by A.N. Tolstoy, A. Bely, K.A. Fedin, P.P. Soykin, K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, O.D. Forsh, A.A. Prokofiev, V.A. Kaverin, N.S. Tikhonov, M.L. Slonimsky et al. During the siege he appeared in press and on the air. In 1942 Shishkov was evacuated. While in Detskoe Selo, he lived at 14 Malaya Street (the building was not preserved) in 1927-29, at 9 Moskovskaya Street (memorial plaque) in 1929-41; in Leningrad, in 1941-42 he resided at 9 Griboedova Canal Embankment (memorial plaque). The name Shishkov was given to a Street in Pushkin (Vyacheslava Shishkova Street). References: Раковский Л. Вячеслав Шишков // Белые ночи: О тех, кто прославил город на Неве. Л., 1971. [Вып. 1]. С. 247-255; Воспоминания о В. Шишкове. М., 1979; Бунатян Г. Г. Город муз: Лит. памят. места г. Пушкина. СПб., 2001. С. 290-308. D. N. Cherdakov.
| | | | hidden Tolstoy A.N. (1882-1945), writer | |
TOLSTOY Alexey Nikolaevich (1882-1945), count, writer, publicist, public figure, fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). He studied at еру St. Petersburg Technological Institute (1901-07, without receiving a degree) ... | | TOLSTOY Alexey Nikolaevich (1882-1945), count, writer, publicist, public figure, fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939). He studied at еру St. Petersburg Technological Institute (1901-07, without receiving a degree). He started as a poet (Lyrics collection of poems, which imitated the poetry of the symbolists, published in St. Petersburg in 1907), but soon turned to prose (his first story The Old Tower was published in the Niva journal in 1908), which brought him success. His early works include: literary adaptation of folklore subjects in the Magpie Tales collection, 1910; stories based on the life of his native Samara province in the book Narratives and Stories, 1910, also known as Zavolzhye etc.). Tolstoy became an active member of the literary groups of St. Petersburg, frequented Ivanov's Wednesdays and contributed to various St. Petersburg periodicals. In 1913-16 he was in St. Petersburg - Petrograd on flying visits, relocated to Petrograd in 1923, and finally moved to Detskoe Selo in 1928. Among the visitors of his Wednesdays were V.Y. Shishkov, O.D. Forsh, B.A. Lavrenev, M.M. Zoschenko, P.E. Schegolev, K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, A.F. Ioffe among others. The works of Tolstoy are distinguished with a vast variety of themes and genres: while in Leningrad and Detskoe Selo, he wrote the science-fiction novel The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin (1925-26); the first two books of the novel Peter the Great (1930, 1934; the Stalin Prize of 1941), which was one of the most important works of Tolstoy, dedicated to the issues of Russian state system and historical progress, politically topical in the 1930s; The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino, the fairy tale for children whose popularity never fades (1935) etc. The reality of St. Petersburg life is portrayed in many works of Tolstoy (trilogy The Road to Calvary, 1921-41; play The Conspiracy of the Empress, 1926, written together with Schegolev etc.). From 1938 he lived in Moscow. Tolstoy was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and in 1946, posthumously. In 1907-10 he lived at 35 Tavricheskaya Street; in 1910-12 he resided at 147 Nevsky Prospect; in 1925-28 he lived at 3 Zhdanovka River Embankment; while in Detskoe Selo (Pushkin), in 1928-30 he lived at 8/13 Moskovskaya Street and at 6 Proletarskaya Street (present-day Tserkovnaya) in 1930-38. Tolstoy's name was attached to a boulevard in the town of Pushkin. References: Воспоминания об А. Н. Толстом: Сб. М., 1982; Бунатян Г. Г. Город муз: Лит. памят. места г. Пушкина. СПб., 2001. С. 309-326; Петелин В. В. Жизнь Алексея Толстого: "Красный граф". М., 2001. D. N. Cherdakov.
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January. In Tsarskoye Selo, the Town Duma, Zemstvo and Menshevik Soviet were dissolved. N.I. Tatarintsev became the head of the new Bolshevik Soviet, this Soviet was declared as the only power in Tsarskoye Selo. 15 January ... | | January. In Tsarskoye Selo, the Town Duma, Zemstvo and Menshevik Soviet were dissolved. N.I. Tatarintsev became the head of the new Bolshevik Soviet, this Soviet was declared as the only power in Tsarskoye Selo. 15 January. The commission, as a part of Tsarskoye Selo Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, was organized which registered all dwellers appartments with furnishings and then this commission distributed appartments among the workers families. The Palace Hospital, casualty ward of the Red Cross, private pharmacy of Deringer were nationalized. 23 February. V.I. Lenin, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, ordered "to transfer officially the Tsarskoye Selo radio station to the new power…, that our radiogram was transmitted urgently and with absolute guarantee" in connection with the necessity of the communication with the Soviet delegation for the peace agreement with Germany . 3 March. The Tsarskoye Selo organizaton of RSDWP(b), despite the opposition of Trotskysts, passed the Lenin peace resolution "The Gemany peace conditions are unacceptable for the Russian Republic but taking into account the all-country tiredness and the necessity to arrange the disbalanced economy, the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet decided that the Council of People's Commissars reached the right decision about the peace agreement". 13 April. The first train arrived to Tsarskoye Selo from Petrograd with children-orphans for the "Model Health-Improving Children Colony" organized on the basis of the Tsarskoye Selo nationalized mansions according to the initiative of People's Commiassariat of Education; People's Commissar A.V. Lunacharsky regarded that this colony was the laboratory for the education of the future builders of communist society. Meetings and debates on attracting the teachers to work in the new schools were held in the Manege building in Sadovaya Street (it was renamed Komsomolskaya Street). Here, commissars A.V. Lunacharky and A.M. Kollontai made speeches devoted to the propaganda of ideas about the separation of religion from the state, general literacy, great duty of teachers before working people. The intelligentsia of Tsarskoye Selo protested against these ideas but gradually teachers began to come into schools. In 1918 in spring, 180 primary schools worked in the Tsarskoye Selo uyezd and 20 children colonies worked in 1919. 9 June. The Catherine Palace was opened as a museum. On the first day, 244 men visited the museum. The architect V.I. Yakovlev was appointed as the first head of the museum. 15 July. The museum was opened on the basis of the palace of Princess Palei. At first Princess Olga Valeryanovna was a guide, the description of the museum collection was made by E.F. Gollerbach. 18 July the poet Vladimir Palei, a son of Princess Palei and Grand Duke Pavel Aleksandrovich, was executed near Alapayevsk. 23 July. The Uyezd Committee of VKP(b) (All-Union Communist Party, Bolshevik) and its newspaper "The Tsarskoye Selo Truth" were organized at the 2nd Tsarskoye Selo uyezg conference. October. The Tsarskoye Selo commission for the protection of culture heritage was organized. Art historians and artists F.G. Bernstam, S.M. Korovin, E.F. Gollerbach, G.K. Lukomsky, M.I. Roslavlev were included in this commission and G.K. Lukomsky was the head of the commission. A.N. Benois, P.N. Neradovsky, D.A. Schmidt were invited as experts. 7 November. Soviet of Commissars of the Union of Communes of the North region published decree about the renaming of Tsarskoye Selo "... Henceforth former Tsarskoye Selo threw aside its disgraceful name and become Detskoye (Children) Selo named after Uritsky". Buildings of Cossacks Barracks were transferred to the Petrograd Agronomic Institute. The building of the Martial Chamber was accommodated for the student club in 1920. V.V. Mayakovsky, N.K. Cherkasov, S.A. Esenin, citizens of Tsarskoye Selo A.N. Tolstoy, V.Y. Shishkov, L.R. Kogan and others performed here at the hall having 400 seats during the 1920s - the 1930s.
Persons Benois Alexander Nikolaevich Cherkasov Nikolay Konstantinovich Esenin Sergey Alexandrovich Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich Kogan Lev Rudolfovich Kollontay Alexandra Mikhailovna Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich Lukomsky Georgy Kreskentievich Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilievich Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Neradovsky Peter Nikolaevich Paley Olga Valentinovna, Duchess Paley, Vladimir Pavlovich Schmidt D.A. Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Tatarintsev, Nikolay Ivanovich Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich Yakovlev Vsevolod Ivanovich
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January. The writer Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov settled in Detskoye Selo. His addresses: 20 Kolpinskaya Street, 14 Malaya Street, and 9 Moskovskaya Street from 1929 untill 1941 (the memorial plaque was set here in 1961) ... | | January. The writer Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov settled in Detskoye Selo. His addresses: 20 Kolpinskaya Street, 14 Malaya Street, and 9 Moskovskaya Street from 1929 untill 1941 (the memorial plaque was set here in 1961). Here the writer finished the story "Stranniki" ("Pilgrims"), worked on the manuscript of "Yemelyan Pugachov", finished the novel "Ugryum-reka" ("The Ugryum River") in 1932. In Detskoye Selo in July of 1927 the writer got married Klavdia Mikhailovna Shvedova, who became his faithful friend for whole further life. On Fridays V.Ya. Shishkov's house was visited by the wide circle of the Detskoye Selo intelligentsia: writers A. Tolstoy, A. Bely, O.D. Forsh, critic R. Ivanov-Razumnik, the painter K. Petrov-Vodkin, the publisher P. Soykin, the scientist M. Bonch-Bruyevich, composers Yu. Shaporin and G. Popov, the singer I. Yershov and many other representatives of the art intelligentsia of Leningrad. The summer. The painter K.S. Petrov-Vodkin settled in the first floor of the Lyceum building. In 1928 the painter finished to paint the picture "Smert komissara" ("The Death of the Comissar"), on 4 October 1930 Petrov-Vodkin was awarded the title of the Honoured Artist of RSFSR. K. Petrov-Vodkin lived in Detskoye Selo untill 1936. The first edition of the "epoch-making" Tsarskoye Selo book "Gorod muz" ("The Town of Muses") by Erikh Fiedorovich Gollerbakch was published. The literary critic V.A. Manuylov, the author of books about M.Yu. Lermontov, rented a room in the former house of the Gumilyovs in Malaya Street.
Persons Bely Andrey (real name Bugaev Boris Nikolaevich) Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Alexandrovich Ershov Ivan Vasilievich Forsh Olga Dmitrievna Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich Ivanov-Razumnik (real name Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov) Manuylov Viktor Andronikovich Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich Popov Gavriil Nikolaevich Shaporin Yury Alexandrovich Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Shvedova, Klavdia Mikhaylovna Soykin Peter Petrovich Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich
Addresses Malaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 14 Malaya Street/Pushkin, town Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 9 Pushkin, town
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Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy with his family moved into the house of Vuich located in 6 Proletarskaya Street (now it is Tserkovnaya (Church) Street). In this house Tolstoy worked on the novels "Pyotr I" (Peter the First") ... | | Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy with his family moved into the house of Vuich located in 6 Proletarskaya Street (now it is Tserkovnaya (Church) Street). In this house Tolstoy worked on the novels "Pyotr I" (Peter the First"), "Chernoye zoloto" ("the Black Gold"), the trilogy of novels "Khozhdeniye po mukam", consisting of "Sestry" (“Sisters”), "Vosemnadtsaty god" (“The Year 1918”), and "Khmuroe utro" (“A Gloomy Morning”), wrote the story "Gobelen Marii-Antuanetti" ("The Tapestry of Marie-Antoinette"), the tale "Zolotoy Klyuchik" ("The Golden key"), the libretto for Yu. Shaporin's opera "Dekabristi" ("Decembrists"), started the work on "Oborona Tsaritsina" ("The Defence of Tsaritsin"). He lived and worked here untill his departure to Moscow in 1938. The house of A.N. Tolstoy, the centre of the cultural life of Detskoye Selo of the 1930s, was visited by writers V.A. Rozhdestvensky, V.M. Inber, V.Ya. Shishkiv, O.D. Forsh, I.A. Andronikov, L.V. Nikulin, B.A. Lavrenev, M.M. Zoshchenko, the literary critic P.Ye. Shchegolev, artists G.S. Ulanova, Ye.I. Time, V.I. Kachalov, N.V. Pevtsov, M.F. Monakhov, the painter K.S. Petrov-Vodkin, composers Yu.A. Shaporin, V.M. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, D.D. Shostakovich, conductors A.V. Gauk, A.Sh. Melik-Pashayev, scientists A.F. Ioffe, A.M. Bonch-Bruyevich, L.D. Landau. During 1933-1934 A.N. Tolstoy was a deputy of the Detskoye Selo District Soviet, his articles were often published on pages of the district newspaper "Bolshevistskoye slovo" ("Bolsheviks' Word"). Repairing excavators was mastered in the Stream Locomotive Repair Base named after Uritsky (PPRMZ) under the direction of the talented engineer Vladimir Ivanovich Shkvokhin, who became the director of plants "Remputmash" of the Ministry of Transport.
Persons Andronnikov Irakly Luarsabovich Bogdanov-Berezovsky Valerian Mikhailovich Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Alexandrovich Forsh Olga Dmitrievna Gauk Alexander Vasilievich Inber Vera Mikhailovna Ioffe Abram Fedorovich Kachalov (the real surname is Shverubovich), Vasily Ivanovich Landau Lev Davydovich Lavrenev Boris Andreevich Melik-Pashayev, Aleksandr Shamilyevich Monakhov Nikolay Fedorovich Nikulin Lev Veniaminovich Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich Pevtsov Illarion Nikolaevich Rozhdestvensky Vsevolod Alexandrovich Shaporin Yury Alexandrovich Shchegolev Pavel Eliseevich Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Shkvokhin, Vladimir Ivanovich Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich Time Elizaveta Ivanovna Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich Ulanova Galina Sergeevna Zoschenko Mikhail Mikhailovich
Addresses Tserkovnaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 6
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10 February. The Central Executive Committee of the USSR published the resolution "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the death of great Russian poet A.S ... | | 10 February. The Central Executive Committee of the USSR published the resolution "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the death of great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin the Central Executive Committee decrees: to rename Detskoye Selo Town in Pushkin Town". This decision was influenced by writers A.N. Tolstoy, V.Ya. Shishkov, the arts critic E.F. Gollerbakh and the cultural community of Detskoye Selo. The monument of A.S. Pushkin (created by the sculptor L.A. Bernshtam in 1911), placed in the Lyceum Hall before, was installed opposite the Egyptian Gates on the main road of the entry in the town in 1938. The jubilee exhibition was opened in halls of the Catherine Palace. 25 August. It is the date of the founding of the 20th Aircraft Repair Plant of the Navy Aviation of the Navy of Russia located in Krasnoye Selo Road. Two hundred children from the Spanish republicans' families arrived in Pushkin Town. Firstly sixty childtren of the age before seven years old lived in Zhukovsko-Volynsky (the house no. 2), in 1940 they were joined with senior children in the house no. 6 in Pushkinskaya Street. The Spanish children's home were leaded by the experienced teachers M.I. Mitskevich (the headmaster) and P.P. Lazarev ( a vice-principal).
Persons Bernstam Leopold-Bernhard (Leopold Adolfovich) Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich Lazarev, P.P. Mickiewicz, M.I. Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich
Addresses Pushkinskaya Street/Pushkin, town Pushkin, town
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This year the palace-museums of Pushkin Town were visited by 1,790,000 people; the budget of the museum was Rb 2 million. Evening excursions with the electric light were organised in the Alexander Palace on the initiative of its director A ... | | This year the palace-museums of Pushkin Town were visited by 1,790,000 people; the budget of the museum was Rb 2 million. Evening excursions with the electric light were organised in the Alexander Palace on the initiative of its director A.M. Kuchumov. Main halls of the palace welcomed guests with crystal chandeliers lights and flashes of lamps placed in flower decoration. The Maple Lounge, where was the pink highlight of cornices, was the most unusual. The Puskin Town Executive Committee Comission for Pushkin's places protection, headed by the writer V.Ya. Shishkov, introduced the celebration of the poet's birthday near the monument in the Lyceum Garden on 6 June. This tradition survives today. N.A. Trofimova and Ye.N. Matveyeva, research workers of the Alexander Palace, went out to the front area of battles with "White Finns" for collecting exhibits of the exhibition "The Defence of Petrograd - Leningrad", which was being in the palace untill the occupation of 1941.
Persons Kuchumov Anatoly Mikhailovich Matveyeva, E.N. Shishkov Alexander Semenovich Trofimova, N.A.
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