HOLLERBACH Erich Fedorovich (1892, Tsarskoe Selo - 1942) art historian, literary critic, bibliophile. In 1911-17, he studied at the Psychoneurological Institute, at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and at the Faculty of History and Philology of Petrograd University. He was a staff member of the Russian Museum in 1921-24; from 1923 he was in charge of the artistic department of the Petrograd Department of the State Publishing House. He was one of the founders and a head of the Leningrad Society of Bibliophiles (1923-26). He is the author of works on the questions of graphic art, monographs about the creative works of by M. V. Dobuzhinsky (1923), G. K. Lukomsky (1928), B. M. Kustodiev (1929), Alexander Pushkin, V. V. Rozanov, A. A. Blok, A. A. Akhmatova et al., of books, articles and guide books about Tsarskoe Selo, including the anthology Tsarskoe Selo in the Poetry (1922) and of the book with lyrical prose City of Muses (1927; a more profound edition illustrated by himself - 1930). He lived in Tsarskoe Selo in the corner of Moskovskaya Street and Leontyevskaya Street (the house has not been preserved). He died in Vologda while being evacuated during the blokade.

Works: Meetings and impressions. St. Petersburg, 1998.

O. L. Leikind, D. Y. Severyukhin.

On the place, where in 1902 the building of the Real College was built to the design of A.N. Ioss, an architect of the Saint Petersburg Educational Okrug, there was Torgovaya (Trade) Square of Tsarskoye Selo planned by V.I. Geste. During a hundred years here there was the market with hay and firewood from carts for peasants from neighbouring villages. According to a legend at the past time criminals were publicly executed here. The trade was liquidated here in connection with the construction of a training building, according to the conditions of that time it was necessary to have a garden to lessons and walks of students. The garden, where in 1902 trees and ornamental bushes were planted, occupied the whole square. S.A. Danini designed the wrought garden fence, links of which directed to the college main entrance and formed the semicircular plot in front of the entrance.
The solemn ceremony of the laying of the building, which has already been built, took place on 6 May 1901 in the presence of the Emperor and Empress and on 16 September 1902 the college was opened. To complete building in so short terms the works on constructing the foundation must be started presumably at the latest building season of the 1900th. Town citizens attached great importance to this long-expected educational institution and at the instance of them the Emperor took the college under his patronage with the name “The Tsarskoye Selo Real College of Emperor Nicholas II”. The college church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, marked off with the cross over the roof from side of the garden façade and a small bell tower, was constructed on the college upper floor for funds donated by Nicholas II according to Danini’s design. The solemn consecration of the church and the whole building took place on 16 March 1903 by Metropolitan of Saint Petersburg and Ladoga Antony jointly with the archpriest Ioann Sergiyev (now - St Ioann of Kronstadt).
In spite of the physico-mathematical and technical focus of the college, many its graduators became eminent figures of the culture humanitarian sphere. Many famous people studied fere in different years: the famous native of Tsarskoye Selo E.F. Gollerbakh, the art figure and arts critic, the composer V. Deshevov, the actor N. Tsarev, the play director V. Moskvin, the artist O. Klever. E.P. Tsytovich, a famous figure of the scout movement, a physics teacher of children of Emperor Nicholas II, taught and was the Principle of the college. The equipment of the college physics room was up-to-date and older Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana came here to their teacher for physics lessons. Danini Silvio Amvrosievich
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William)
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich
Iossa Andrey Nikolaevich
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Princess
Sergiyev (Kronshtadsky) Ioann Ilyich, the Saint
Tatyana Nikolaevna, Grand Princess
Gospitalnaya Street/Pushkin, town

15 January. The new city slaughterhouse with the recycling plant, designed by the architect A.R. Bach, began to work.

23 March. Erik Fiodorovich Gollerbach, the future art historian and literary critic, was born in the family of the owner of the famous bakery - cake shop.

28 March. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, the future famous Soviet poet, was born in the family of the Tsarskoye Selo priest.

2 April. Illegal meeting of the Petersburg Marxists took place in the house of Silvin at the corner of Oranzhereynaya Street and Malaya Street. V.I. Ulyanov, N.К.Krupskaya, М.А.Silvin, V.V.Starkov, P.К.Zaporozhets, А.L.Malchenko, А.А.Yakubova took part at this meeting.

Decorating of the inhabited rooms of the Alexander Palace , Palisander Room, Study of Emperor Nicholas II had been completed by the firm of F. Melzer.

The autumn. The writer Lidia Ivanovna Veselitskaya (Mikulich), she was the addresse of the poet epistle "The faces have severity on portraits there …" of I.F. Annensky, settled in Tsarskoye Selo.

17 September. The ceremonial laying of the Church of St. Julian of the Life-Guard Cuirassier His Majesty Regiment to the design of the archtect V.N. Kuritsyn took place in the presence of Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Fiodorovna and Archpriest Ioannof Kronstadt .

3 November. Grand Duke Olga Nikolayevna was born in Tsarskoye Selo, she was the firstborn of the family of Nicholas II. Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress
Bach Alexander Romanovich
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich
Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna
Kuritsyn Vladimir Nikolaevich
Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich
Malchenko, A.L..
Nicholas II, Emperor
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Princess
Rozhdestvensky Vsevolod Alexandrovich
Sergiyev (Kronshtadsky) Ioann Ilyich, the Saint
Silvin Mikhail Alexandrovich
Starkov Vasily Vasilievich
Veselitskaya (Mikulich), Lidia Ivanovna
Yakubova, A.A.
Zaporozhets Peter Kuzmich

January. In Tsarskoye Selo, the Town Duma, Zemstvo and Menshevik Soviet were dissolved. N.I. Tatarintsev became the head of the new Bolshevik Soviet, this Soviet was declared as the only power in Tsarskoye Selo.

15 January. The commission, as a part of Tsarskoye Selo Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, was organized which registered all dwellers appartments with furnishings and then this commission distributed appartments among the workers families. The Palace Hospital, casualty ward of the Red Cross, private pharmacy of Deringer were nationalized.

23 February. V.I. Lenin, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, ordered "to transfer officially the Tsarskoye Selo radio station to the new power…, that our radiogram was transmitted urgently and with absolute guarantee" in connection with the necessity of the communication with the Soviet delegation for the peace agreement with Germany .

3 March. The Tsarskoye Selo organizaton of RSDWP(b), despite the opposition of Trotskysts, passed the Lenin peace resolution "The Gemany peace conditions are unacceptable for the Russian Republic but taking into account the all-country tiredness and the necessity to arrange the disbalanced economy, the Tsarskoye Selo Soviet decided that the Council of People's Commissars reached the right decision about the peace agreement".

13 April. The first train arrived to Tsarskoye Selo from Petrograd with children-orphans for the "Model Health-Improving Children Colony" organized on the basis of the Tsarskoye Selo nationalized mansions according to the initiative of People's Commiassariat of Education; People's Commissar A.V. Lunacharsky regarded that this colony was the laboratory for the education of the future builders of communist society. Meetings and debates on attracting the teachers to work in the new schools were held in the Manege building in Sadovaya Street (it was renamed Komsomolskaya Street). Here, commissars A.V. Lunacharky and A.M. Kollontai made speeches devoted to the propaganda of ideas about the separation of religion from the state, general literacy, great duty of teachers before working people. The intelligentsia of Tsarskoye Selo protested against these ideas but gradually teachers began to come into schools. In 1918 in spring, 180 primary schools worked in the Tsarskoye Selo uyezd and 20 children colonies worked in 1919.

9 June. The Catherine Palace was opened as a museum. On the first day, 244 men visited the museum. The architect V.I. Yakovlev was appointed as the first head of the museum.

15 July. The museum was opened on the basis of the palace of Princess Palei. At first Princess Olga Valeryanovna was a guide, the description of the museum collection was made by E.F. Gollerbach. 18 July the poet Vladimir Palei, a son of Princess Palei and Grand Duke Pavel Aleksandrovich, was executed near Alapayevsk.

23 July. The Uyezd Committee of VKP(b) (All-Union Communist Party, Bolshevik) and its newspaper "The Tsarskoye Selo Truth" were organized at the 2nd Tsarskoye Selo uyezg conference.

October. The Tsarskoye Selo commission for the protection of culture heritage was organized. Art historians and artists F.G. Bernstam, S.M. Korovin, E.F. Gollerbach, G.K. Lukomsky, M.I. Roslavlev were included in this commission and G.K. Lukomsky was the head of the commission. A.N. Benois, P.N. Neradovsky, D.A. Schmidt were invited as experts.

7 November. Soviet of Commissars of the Union of Communes of the North region published decree about the renaming of Tsarskoye Selo "... Henceforth former Tsarskoye Selo threw aside its disgraceful name and become Detskoye (Children) Selo named after Uritsky".

Buildings of Cossacks Barracks were transferred to the Petrograd Agronomic Institute. The building of the Martial Chamber was accommodated for the student club in 1920. V.V. Mayakovsky, N.K. Cherkasov, S.A. Esenin, citizens of Tsarskoye Selo A.N. Tolstoy, V.Y. Shishkov, L.R. Kogan and others performed here at the hall having 400 seats during the 1920s - the 1930s. Benois Alexander Nikolaevich
Cherkasov Nikolay Konstantinovich
Esenin Sergey Alexandrovich
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich
Kogan Lev Rudolfovich
Kollontay Alexandra Mikhailovna
Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich
Lukomsky Georgy Kreskentievich
Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilievich
Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich
Neradovsky Peter Nikolaevich
Paley Olga Valentinovna, Duchess
Paley, Vladimir Pavlovich
Schmidt D.A.
Shishkov Alexander Semenovich
Tatarintsev, Nikolay Ivanovich
Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich
Yakovlev Vsevolod Ivanovich

January. The writer Vyacheslav Yakovlevich Shishkov settled in Detskoye Selo. His addresses: 20 Kolpinskaya Street, 14 Malaya Street, and 9 Moskovskaya Street from 1929 untill 1941 (the memorial plaque was set here in 1961). Here the writer finished the story "Stranniki" ("Pilgrims"), worked on the manuscript of "Yemelyan Pugachov", finished the novel "Ugryum-reka" ("The Ugryum River") in 1932. In Detskoye Selo in July of 1927 the writer got married Klavdia Mikhailovna Shvedova, who became his faithful friend for whole further life. On Fridays V.Ya. Shishkov's house was visited by the wide circle of the Detskoye Selo intelligentsia: writers A. Tolstoy, A. Bely, O.D. Forsh, critic R. Ivanov-Razumnik, the painter K. Petrov-Vodkin, the publisher P. Soykin, the scientist M. Bonch-Bruyevich, composers Yu. Shaporin and G. Popov, the singer I. Yershov and many other representatives of the art intelligentsia of Leningrad.

The summer. The painter K.S. Petrov-Vodkin settled in the first floor of the Lyceum building. In 1928 the painter finished to paint the picture "Smert komissara" ("The Death of the Comissar"), on 4 October 1930 Petrov-Vodkin was awarded the title of the Honoured Artist of RSFSR. K. Petrov-Vodkin lived in Detskoye Selo untill 1936.

The first edition of the "epoch-making" Tsarskoye Selo book "Gorod muz" ("The Town of Muses") by Erikh Fiedorovich Gollerbakch was published.

The literary critic V.A. Manuylov, the author of books about M.Yu. Lermontov, rented a room in the former house of the Gumilyovs in Malaya Street. Bely Andrey (real name Bugaev Boris Nikolaevich)
Bonch-Bruevich Mikhail Alexandrovich
Ershov Ivan Vasilievich
Forsh Olga Dmitrievna
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich
Ivanov-Razumnik (real name Razumnik Vasilievich Ivanov)
Manuylov Viktor Andronikovich
Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma Sergeevich
Popov Gavriil Nikolaevich
Shaporin Yury Alexandrovich
Shishkov Alexander Semenovich
Shvedova, Klavdia Mikhaylovna
Soykin Peter Petrovich
Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich
Malaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 14
Malaya Street/Pushkin, town
Moskovskaya Street/Pushkin, town, house 9
Pushkin, town

March. The memorial plaque was opened on the house of the former Real College (now it is school no. 500), this memorial plaque was devoted to Erich Fiodorovich Gollerbach and his books "Tsarskoye Selo in Poetry", "Disconnectionable" "The City of Muse" which were reprinted by the Publishing House "Silver Age" (E.A. Gollerbach, grandson of Erich Fiodorovich Gollerbach, was compiler and the author of commentary)

About 2,000,000 men visited museums of Pushkin town every year.

30 Orthodox churches performed a religious services in the deanary of Pushkin Town (one Orthodox church worked in Dinamo Settlement until 1989 ).

24 June. The celebration of the 300-year anniversary of Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin Town) took place. Gollerbakh, Ye. A.
Hollerbach Erich Fedorovich